Fundamentals of Nursing Reviewer #1

Reviewer

Health (WHO, 1940)

A state of physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Florence Nightingale

Being well and using every power to the fullest extent in living life. Maintenance of health is through disease prevention via environmental control and social responsibility.

Illness

 A highly personal state in which the person’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is thought to be diminished.

Disease

 An alteration in body function resulting in a reduction of capacities or a shortening of the normal lifespan.

Wellness (Halbert Dunn, 1959)

An integrated method of functioning, maximizing the potential of which an individual is capable within the environment in which he is functioning.

Wellness (Bill Hettler, 1979)

An active process of becoming aware of and making choices toward a higher level of well-being.

Communication 

The process of sharing information between two or more people with the intent of obtaining a response.

Interpersonal Communication 

One-to-one interaction that results in exchanging ideas, problem-solving, decision-making, and team building.

Intrapersonal Communication 

Occurs within an individual, such as self-talk or reflective thinking.

Therapeutic Communication

Purposeful, client-centered communication that is directed toward achieving a specific outcome.

Primary Prevention

Activities undertaken before a disease occurs to prevent its onset (e.g., immunization, health education).

Secondary Prevention 

Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of disease to prevent complications (e.g., cancer screenings, blood pressure monitoring).

Tertiary Prevention 

Rehabilitation efforts to restore a patient to an optimal level of functioning after illness or injury.

Republic Act No. 9173 (Philippine Nursing Act of 2002)

A law regulating the nursing profession in the Philippines to ensure safe and competent nursing practice.

Code of Ethics for Nurses

A set of principles that guide nurses in ethical decision-making and professional conduct.

Malpractice

 Improper or unskillful care by a nurse, which results in harm to a patient.

Negligence

The failure to take proper care in performing nursing duties, leading to patient harm.

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING

FOCUS: Health promotion and disease prevention

MILITARY NURSING

Family practice at a local military base

PSYCHIATRIC NURSING

Care of individuals with a mental health disorder to

help them recover and improve their quality of life

General Private Duty Nurse

Provides basic nursing care to any type of patient. Skills include assessment, nursing techniques or procedures, knowledge & recognition of pharmacological effects of drugs, interpretation of doctor’s orders

Private Duty Nurse Specialist

Also provides

basic nursing care, but demonstrates also: skill in handling , operating and monitoring other complicated devices, skill in interpreting data gathered from ECG, EEG, laboratory, diagnostic results and V/S , etc.

INDUSTRIAL NURSING

Also known as occupational health nursing

SCHOOL NURSING

●

A type of public health nursing

●

Responsible for the school’s activities in the areas

of health services, health education and

environmental health and safety

MAN AS AN INDIVIDUAL AND AS A MEMBER OF THE FAMILY

The nursing profession is a field that deals to a great

extent with human beings.

MAN AS A PSYCHOSOCIAL BEING

“Unique irreplaceable individual; a one-time being in

this world”

DEFINITION OF HEALTH

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (1940)

Health is a state of physical, mental and social well

being and not merely the absence of disease or

infirmity.

BRILL & KILTS (1980)

Health is a dynamic process, which continually

changes as the interactions between individuals and

their internal & external environments change.

HARDINGE & SHYROCK (1991)

Health is every organ working properly.

JEAN WATSON

Health is a high level of overall physical, mental and

social functioning; a general adaptive-maintenance

level of daily functioning; the absence of illness.

VIRGINIA HENDERSON

Health is viewed in terms of the patient's ability to

independently perform the 14 basic needs which

comprise the components of nursing care.

SR. CALLISTA ROY

Health is a state and a process of being and

becoming an integrated whole human being.

DOROTHY JOHNSON

Health is an elusive state that is determined by

psychological, social, biological, and physiological

factors.

MYRA ESTRIN LEVINE

Health is the goal of conservation; the ability to

function in a reasonably normal manner; “a

wholeness and successful adaptation.

BETTY NEUMAN

Health is the condition or degree of system stability

and is viewed as a continuum from wellness to

illness.

HILDEGARD PEPLAU

Health is “a word symbol that implies forward

movement of personality and other ongoing human

processes in the direction of creative, constructive,

productive, personal, and community living”

MADELEINE LEININGER

Health is universal across cultures but defined

within each culture in a manner that reflects the

beliefs, values and practices of a particular culture.

WELLNESS

State of well-being

●

Include self-responsibility, goal, dynamic process,

daily decision-making, whole being

CLARK (1986)

Moving toward greater awareness of oneself &

the environment

MURRAY & ZENTNER (1989)

Wellness process

Can be pursued to prevent illness, assist in

rehabilitation, enhance the quality of life, or to

maximize one's potential