1/69
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
---|
No study sessions yet.
A closed system of the heart and blood vessels
Functions of the cardiovascular system
Transport oxygen, nutrients, cell wastes, hormones to and from cells
Heart size and location
Orientation
Pericardium
a double-walled sac
Fibrous pericardium
is loose and superficial
Serous membrane
is deep to the fibrous pericardium and composed of two layers
Parietal pericardium:
Visceral pericardium:
Serous fluid fills
the space between the layers of pericardium, called the pericardial cavity
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Atria (right and left)
Ventricles (right and left)
Interatrial septum
Interventricular septum
Separates the two ventricles longitudinally
Heart functions as a double pump
Double pump
Pulmonary circulation
Blood is pumped…
out of right side through the pulmonary trunk, which splits into pulmonary arteries and takes oxygen-poor blood to lungs
Oxygen-rich blood returns…
Systemic circulation
Oxygen-rich blood returned to the left side of the heart is pumped out into the aorta
Blood circulates to
Left ventricle has thicker walls because…
Oxygen-poor blood returns to…
Heart Valves
Atrioventricular (AV) valves
Left AV valve:
bicuspid (mitral) valve
Right AV valve:
tricuspid valve
Semilunar valves
AV valves
Semilunar valves
Valves open and close in response…
Blood in the heart chambers…
The heart has its own nourishing circulatory system consisting of:
Coronary arteries
Cardiac veins
Coronary sinus
a large vein on the posterior of the heart; receives blood from cardiac veins
Blood empties into…
Two systems regulate heart activity
Atrioventricular (AV) node is…
Tachycardia
rapid heart rate, over 100 beats per minute
Tunica intima forms a friction-reducing lining
Endothelium
Tunica externa forms protective outermost covering
Intrinsic conduction system, or the nodal system does
Sinoatrial( SA) node
Atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His) and bundle branches
Purkinje fibers spread
The sinoatrial node (SA node)
Impulse spreads
through the atria to the AV node
Atria
At the AV node,
the impulse is delayed briefly
Impulse travels
Ventricles contract
Bradycardia
The cardiac cycle refers to
Average heart rate
Cardiac cycle length
Blood vessels form
Vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Vessels that play a role in exchanges between tissues and blood
Vessels that return blood toward the heart
Three layers (tunics)
Tunica media
Arteries have
a heavier, stronger, stretchier tunica media than veins to withstand changes in pressure
Veins have
Capillaries
Form networks called capillary beds that consist of:
Blood flow through a capillary bed is known as
microcirculation