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Which group has the most reactive metals?
Alkaline Metals (Group 1)
Are Alkaline Metals found as free elements in nature?
No, and they must be stored in oil
Does Group 1 or 2 have a lower melting point?
Group 1
Are Alkaline Earth Metals found as free elements in nature?
No
Are Group 2 metals harder, denser, and stronger than Group 1?
Yes
How are Group 13 elements found in nature?
Compounds
Are Group 13 elements harder and denser than transition metals?
No, they are softer and less dense
What type of elements are Si and Ge in Group 14?
Metaloids
What are the most reactive nonmetals?
Halogens (Group 17)
How are Halogens found in nature?
Bonded to itself
How reactive are Noble Gases (Group 18)?
Unreactive
Why are Noble Gases unreactive?
They have a complete valence shell/octet (8 valence e-), meaning they do not need to bond to other elements in order to complete their valence shell
What are cations?
Positive ion, most likely metals
How are cations formed?
Lose electrons
Do cations have a lower or higher ionic energy?
Lower
Cation size vs atom size
Cations are smaller than atoms
How are anions formed?
Gain electrons
Do anions have favorable electron affinity?
Yes, they have negative EA
Anion size vs atom size
Anions are bigger than atoms
Electron shielding
More electrons lie between the nucleus and the electrons in higher energy levels
Where do electrons occupy in groups vs periods?
Group - electrons occupy sublevels in higher energy levels (higher distance between nucleus and valence e-, lower force of attraction)
Period - electrons are added to the same energy level (e- shielding remains the same, and no significant change in atom size)
Group EA trend
EA decreases down a group
Group IR trend
IR increases down a group
Group IE trend
IE decreases down a group
Group EN trend
EN decreases down a group
Group AR trend
AR increases down a group
Period EA trend
EA increases across a period (L-R)
Period IR trend
IR decreases across a period (L-R)
Period EN trend
EN increases across a period (L-R)
Period AR trend
AR decreases across a period (L-R)
Does the shielding effect increase with increasing atomic number within a period or group.
Group
Note 
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