Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering core nursing values, developmental perspectives, system theories, change theories, learning theories, communication, crisis models, gender theories, and dimensions of health based on class lecture notes.

Ciencia y Virtud

The philosophy of Centro Escolar University, which translates to Science and Virtue.

Outcomes Based Education (OBE)

A strategy or direction in Nursing to meet the Philippine Education Quality Assurance Standards set by the government, entailing classroom learning and lifelong learning.

PRC Resolution No. 24, Series of 2012

A resolution from the Professional Regulation Commission Board of Nursing stating that all nursing graduates must acquire three roles in their BSN program: clinician, manager, and researcher.

Competency

A general statement detailing the desired knowledge and skills of students graduating from a course or program.

Outcome

A very specific statement that describes exactly what a student will be able to do in some measurable way.

Environmentalism

The view emphasizing that people grow to what they are made to be by their environments.

Organismic Perspective

The view that a person's own thoughts, choices, abilities, and efforts are important in determining who they become, rather than being shaped only by their environment.

British Empiricism

The philosophical idea, supported by John Locke, that the origin of all knowledge is sense experience.

Behaviorism

The perspective that human beings are passive and development is totally achieved by experiencing the environment.

Sensorimotor Stage

The first stage of Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory (0-2 years) where babies learn through their senses and physical actions.

Pre-operational Stage

The second stage of Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory (2-7 years) where children begin to use words, pictures, and symbols to think.

Concrete Operation Stage

The third stage of Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory (7-11 years) where children become more logical and better at solving problems.

Formal Operation Stage

The fourth stage of Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory (11 years and above) where individuals develop the ability to think logically and solve complex or abstract problems.

Id

The inborn component of personality in Freud's psychosexual theory that is driven by sexual and aggressive instincts and operates on the pleasure principle.

Ego

The executive component of personality in Freud's theory that operates on the reality principle using logical and reality-oriented secondary thinking processes.

Super Ego

The conscience component of personality in Freud's theory that punishes an individual for wrongdoings.

General System Theory

A theory developed by Ludwig Von Bertalanffy assuming that all systems are goal-directed, open, dynamic, more than the sum of their parts, and continuously interacting with their environment.

Closed System

A type of system that has fixed relationships among its components and no interaction with the environment.

Open System

A type of system that interacts with its environment, features dynamic component interactions, and can be self-regulating.

Gemeinschaft

A transactional mode based on the premise that the system and the environment are committed to each other.

Negentropy

A system state that is achieved through a feedback mechanism.

Equifinality

The tendency of a system to reach a characteristic final state from different initial states in various ways based on dynamic interaction.

Unfreezing

The first stage of Kurt Lewin's Change Theory, defined as letting go of old, unhelpful habits to make room for new ones.

Refreezing

The final stage of Kurt Lewin's Change Theory that makes the new way of doing things permanent so people do not return to old habits.

Classical Conditioning

A behaviorist learning method based on learning by associating two things together.

Operant Conditioning

A behaviorist learning theory popularized by B.F. Skinner where learning occurs through the consequences of actions, such as rewards or punishments.

Self-Efficacy Expectation

A concept in Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory regarding an individual's belief about their own competence to perform the behavior needed to influence outcomes.

PRECEDE

An acronym standing for Predisposing, Reinforcing, Enabling Causes in Education Diagnosis and Evaluation, which forms the planning phases of Green's health framework.

PROCEED

An acronym standing for Policy, Regulatory, Organization Constructs in Educational and Environmental Developments in Lawrence W. Green's framework.

Andragogical Theory

Malcolm Knowles' theory of adult education based on changes in self-concept, the role of experience, readiness to learn, and orientation to learning.

Noise

Anything that interferes with or distorts a message during the process of communication.

Entropy

Uncertainty or confusion in communication caused when the sender has many possible ways to express a message.

Redundancy

Extra or repeated information in a message that helps make it clearer and reduces misunderstanding.

Kinesics

The study of body movements, facial expressions, eye contact, gestures, and body stance, and how they communicate messages.

Haptics

The study of touch in communication.

Chronemics

The study of how people use time in communication.

Proxemics

The study of how much personal space people prefer when interacting with others.

Gerald Caplan

A theorist who expanded on Lindemann's work and is known as the father of modern crisis intervention.

Dispositional Crises

A category of crisis occurring when a person faces a problematic situation that causes distress and cannot easily deal with it emotionally.

Instrumental Role

A gender role expectation that traditionally teaches boys and men to be independent, competitive, assertive, and goal-focused.

Expressive Role

A gender role expectation that traditionally teaches girls and women to care for others, build relationships, and be sensitive to feelings.

Gender Sensitivity

Understanding and being aware of how society treats men and women differently and how these differences affect their lives and health.

Intellectual Dimension of Health

A dimension of health involving a person's cognitive abilities, education, past experiences, and ability to think, learn, and use information.

Socio-Cultural Dimension of Health

A dimension of health that refers to how a person's finances, lifestyle, family, and culture influence their health practices.