Comms 101 Final - Dr. Church

Public Relations

 "The management function that establishes and maintains mutually beneficial relationship between an organization and the publics on whom its success or failure depends”

Edward L. Bernays

founder/father of modern PR, credible sources are best modes of persuasion, transparency

Opinion Leadership

active media user that influences less active media users (social media influencers) 

Ivy Lee

PR rep for Standard Oil and Rockefeller, "crowds are led by symbols and phrases", helped railroads deal with image problems

Internal Public

inside organization

External Public

outside organization

Press Agentry

P. T. Barnum deceptive ways to advertise, one way relationship, no open communication, not much room for feedback 

Three major functions of PR

1. Informing

2. Persuading

3. Integrating

Pseudo Events

an event, activity, or experience conducted for the purpose of media publicity

Ethics of PR

using persuasion instead of manipulation, transparency and clearness

Public Relations Model

2 way communication, listen for feedback and make changes

Astroturfing

creating a movement controlled by a large organization/group designed to look like a citizen-founded, grassroots campaign

Development of the Internet

started with ARPANET (advanced research projects agency) originally created to maintain military communication, Tim Verners-Lee

Tim Berners-Lee

• created WWW

• wanted to share documents located on computers anywhere in the world

• gave the software away for free

Packet Switching

(kinda like Charlie and the Chocolate factory) a message is sent and broken down into small data packets and a computer receives it and reassembles the message; an early way of transmitting information by essentially networking it

Communication on the Internet

many to many, a lot of issues because of so many sources and misinformation, dialogue affects the nature of the feedback

Cookies

text file/info on hard drive and identifies user of sites and where they go after

Hacker Ethic

• access should be unlimited and total

• all information wants to be free

• mistrust authority: promote decentralization

• people should be judged by skills, not by bogus criteria such as degrees, age, race, or position

Key Web Principles

aka hacker ethic, one address to take users to any document throughout the world; everything should be linkable, accessible; any type of data should be available on any type of computer; the web should be a tool for interaction, not just publication; no central control

Open Source Movement

information should be available, specifically supports providing software to everyone 

Bednar's main arguments

(things as they really are): everything is amplified through our physical bodies. Satan will attack our bodies. points out down sides to cyberspace and not having real connections. excessive time on internet can blur reality and virtually. our bodies are the most important gift. technology can demean that gift so be careful.

Jensen's main arguments

(some hopeful words on media and agency): technology increases our agency. we must use media for the good. don't just consume produce good. what conversations are you having about media with your family? what are we doing to improve conversations around us using media? are you striving to be media literate? avoid media that discourages our conversations. avoid being a troll. applying souls and sacrament by Elder Holland to media. use your whole soul. be where you are at. agency is enhanced by technology. fighting against we are slaves to our technology. more crucial than ever to have the spirit with us online

Kearon's main arguments

we are being affected by the media we consume. messages of love are comfort. center yourself so you can always be in communication with Christ and the Spirit. why we can't feel the spirit: hearts burdened by clamor of life, hearts hardened by sin, hearts may be malnourished. REVELATION IS NOT A MATTER OF PUSHING BUTTONS, BUT PUSHING OURSELVES, OFTEN AIDED BY FASTING, SCRIPTURE STUDY, AND PERSONAL PONDERING

Ridd's main arguments

you are growing up with one of the greatest tools has both the very best and the very worst the world offers. God granted according to desires and our desires are shown by our habits which is like a cookie tracking our activity. your "cyber book of life." knowing who you are really are helps with decisions. plug into the source of power like a phone into spirituality. owning a smartphone doesn't make you smart but using it wisely can. the Lord provides technology to accomplish his purposes. why do you use the internet? too many messages bombard us and distract us from our personal revelation time

Where did the term TV come from? 

Name created by combining Latin terms for “distance” and “viewing”

Invention of television

• Philo T. Farnsworth

• 1922: Diagrams plans for television at age 16

• 1947: Farnsworth’s television patent expires a year before TV starts to take off

Television as a social force

brought news and entertainment to everyone a the same time, talk about shows together, everyone is receiving the same stories, chewing gum for the eyes, don’t need to be literate, dominate peoples time

Soap Operas

Soap operas, like "Guiding Light," broadcast through the support of soap companies as sponsors

Raymond Williams’s main arguments on TV

TV is this relentless flow of information, don't know when a program starts/ends, if it’s an ad, designed for us to start watching wherever, whenever, there's not a clear end or beginning 

Neil Postman’s arguments about television

amusing ourselves to death, TV is easy to consume and **biased towards entertainment**, harmful when TV tries to be serious, TV should not be taken seriously  

Chuck Klosterman’s main argument about TV

laugh tracks, normalize excessive laughter, makes it harder to know what is actually funny 

Marshall McLuhan 

• The Global Village – because of our mediums, we are very interconnected, the idea that we are small because we are all connected

• The Medium is the Message

D. W. Griffith

made Birth of a Nation, used lots of new cinematic techniques

Georges Méliès

special effects creator, trip to the moon

Louis Lumière

patented portable film technology, used to film everyday life like France snowball fight in a park 

The Jazz Singer

first talking film, Al Johnson director

Theodor Adorno’s arguments about popular music

• Pop music is different from "serious" music

• Pop music doesn't require listening (escapism)

• Pop music is extremely standardized

Invention of the phonograph/”talking machine”

Thomas Edison (1877), records sound on tinfoil cylinders

Invention of the Gramophone

Emile Berliner (1888), plays music on flat discs

Invention of the telegraph

Samuel Morse (1844)

Wireless Telegraph

Guglielmo Marconi (1950s)

Invention of the radio

1905: Fessenden uses radio waves to transmit Christmas messages

Stuart Hall

• Problem: Large gap between parents and youth

• Pop music mirrors these feelings in lyrics

• Gives teens answers that authority figures can't provide

• Helps them identify with characters in pop music

• Gives youth a venue to project their attitudes

• Serves teens as "guiding fictions"

What do new music playback technologies do?

• Walkman: "Personal music cocoon"

• iPod: "Sonic envelope"

• Death of "social music"

• Rise of the "personal soundtrack"

Social music

music was often a social gathering, families would sing together

Music and the spirit

hard beats and vile language can take away the spirit

Sampling

using technology to enter into closed systems of intellectual property and reopen them to either borrow, add to, or alter the existing content

Open source

any info, creative products that are available for public use

Copy-Right

protect the artist, exclusive legal rights (taylor swift)

Copy-Left

egalitarian, free sharing of ideas, copyright stifles cultural evolution

Differences between social media and traditional media

• Traditional – one to many

• Social – many to many

Traditional Media

a lot of gatekeeping by journalists and only the best is published

Social Media

Little to no gatekeeping, so much information

Clutter

so many ads, overwhelming, put advertising in less crowded spaces

Ethics of Advertising 

• Puffery – a claim without backup

• Conflicts of Interest – celebrity endorsement, are you actually loyal?

• Code of Ethics – embrace ethical values and embrace trust in the market

Modernization

development of a brand identity 

Industrialization

actual goods being advertised,  movement from small shops to big companies

What is Nicholas Carr’s main argument in “Is Google Making Us Stupid?”

google is making us stupid, our attention spans are very short, media is rewiring our brains, shortening our attention spans, we are less empathetic when our attention is divided 

5 C’s

1. Choice

2. Conversation

3. Curation

4. Creation

5. Collaboration