AP World Unit 1

All terms in power points, poopsheet, and informational videos

Song dynasty

Distinguished for its advances in technology, medicine, astronomy, and mathematics. Came about after a period of war following the Tang Dynasty. Highlights include: paper money, trade guilds, confucianism and civil service exams.

Neo-Confucianism

New ways of understanding Confucius texts that became the basic philosophy of China during Song period.

Zen

Japanese word for buddhism branch based on highly disciplined meditation.

Champa Rice

Introduced into Vietnam from India, quick-maturing and allows for 2 harvests in one season. It is drought resistant and was sent to China as a tribute gift.

Gunpowder

Brought into China and originally was used to deter insect pests and evil spirits. Was later used to make explosives and propel cannonballs and bullets.

Junk

Very large flat bottom ship produced in the Tang, Song, and Ming Empires, designed for long distance commercial travel for trade

Dar al-islam

Expanding region of Islamic rule by Muslim majorities across North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia.

Mali

Famous for its role in the Trans-Saharan gold trade, was one of the richest tropical states during Islamic expansion. Located in Western Sudan region of West Africa. Sundiata Keita (Lion King) est. the empire.

Timbuktu

City in Mali, big center for trade in Africa. Also center of Islamic learning.

Anasazi

Southwest U.S. culture, found in Chaco Canyon and Mesa Verde in CO. Built multi-story residences and worshipped in kiva buildings.

Chiefdom

Ruled by a hereditary leader, held power over collection of towns. Less powerful than empires/kingdoms; based on gift giving and commercial links.

Confucius Real name

Kongzi/Kong Fuzi meaning Master Kong or Grand Master Kong

Confucius teachings

teachings included: respecting elders and ancestors, literature/arts, morality/ethics, self improvement, being aware of own ignorance

QIN Dynasty

united all waring states together in China, adopted confucianism and banned all other philosophical ideas ESPECIALLY in politics

Christianity

Originated in Mediterranean region, followers of Jesus Christ, original followers were Jews, believed in Salvation, Monotheistic, Ten Commandments

Islam

“surrendered” to __Allah__, extreme monotheistic, Muhammad leader, the __Quran__ (revelations from Allah), sacred __Mosques__, 5 pillars

Sunni Muslims

most qualified muslim group/ Islam

Shi’a Muslims

blood relative muslims, very divided from Sunni

Judaism

__Abraham__ chosen to lead by God, monotheistic, Isaac-Jacob (Israel) considered prophets/did not believe Jesus was Messiah, __Torah__ (first 5 books of bible)/__Tanakh__, holy __Synagogues__ led by Rabbis, __Covenant__ - agreement with God

Jerusalem

considered holiest ground in Judaism, third-holiest shrine in Islam, major site linked to life of Jesus Christ

Mongols

defeated the Song Empire and ended it in 1279, led by Kublai Khan

Meritocracy

part of civil service exams, meant government selected most qualified/able boys to represent in politics

trade guilds

large part of Song Empire, included iron and __gunpowder__ trades

Chinese Foot Binding

Act of breaking feet/toes to make them smaller in order for women to appear more attractive, limited mobility, achieved “Lotus feet”

Battle of Manzikert

Seljuk Turks defeated the Byzantines, caused Islam to be pushed further West in Mediterranean; created rise of separate Islamic states

Crusades

Their objective was to reclaim Jerusalem and stop the spread of Islam; began when Pope Urban II spoke at Council of Clermont

Legacy of the Crusades

very little land was gained by both sides, western Europe benefited from Algebra and Chemistry, new trade items came about inc. spices, ivory, gems (very important at the time)

Sundiata Keita

also known as the Lion King, est. Mali Empire, controlled major gold mines and trade routes. Born with physical disability but became a very fair leader, drove out Sosso empire from his hometown and conquered many states with his strong military

Songhai

______ people from Morocco controlled Mali Empire as the empire fell.

Black Death

Airborn virus spread by fleas brought to Europe by ships from the East. Mass graves held bodies, bodies littered the streets and were collected by body collectors. Jews were often blamed for it.

bubonic, septicemic, pneumonic

3 variations of the Black Death

chaco canyon

home of turquoise trade and center of other commerce in Anasazi culture

Cahokia Mounds

large, manmade structures in the mississippi region during the time of the Anasazi culture in the southwest. Appeared like large hills in the ground built by Native American Indians

Serfdom

system by which people would be tied to the land they worked on

serfs

These people made up about 80% of the Europe population, were tied to the land for whom they worked, worked 6 days with long hours, and attend church 5-6 times per week

3 field system

A system of crop rotation in Europe where a field is planted with one crop the first year, a different crop the second year, and then left alone in the third year

guilds

In Europe, a group of craftsmen or merchants who promoted their trade economically. Ex. textile owners, blacksmiths, and trade merchants

master, journeyman, apprentice

Line of status for merchants/craftsmen in Europe from highest to lowest status

anti-semitism

jewish persecution in Europe civic life

medieval torture devices

iron maiden, the “rack” (which stretched the human body), thumb screws (makes hands unusable), “the brazen bull”

Michelangelo

sculptor, painter of the Sistene Chapel

Nobles

very powerful estate owners in 13/14/15 century Europe

knights

backbone of armies in Europe, known as the military elite. trained with wrestling techniques and sword fighting

pell

medieval equivalent of a punching bag, knights trained on these to practice their sword fighting, often used extra heavy swords to build strength

weapons used in medieval Europe

crossbow, rifles fired with gunpowder,

divine right

God gave power to rulers, Monarchs believed this in the medieval centuries in Europe

100 years war

series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involved English and french royal families and french noble families

Joan of Arc

Famous french peasant girl who fights for and leads French forces to victory in several battles of the 100 years war. She was captured and burned as a heretic

Iberian peninsula

Portugal and Spain fought off Muslim conquerers to unite the ____ under Spanish and Portugal rule once again.

king and queen of spain

Isabella of Castille and Ferdinand of Aragon

Renaissance

“Rebirth” of Greco-Roman culture, art/intellectual culture, defined by humanists

humanists

people during the Renaissance period who loved working with poetry, history, philosophy, grammar, writing, and thinking.

Leonardo da Vinci

Painter of “The Last Supper” and sculptor of the Vitruvian Man. He was obsessed with the human body and anatomy and was mainly self taught as far as his education

Niccolo Machiavelli

Italian famous author and philosopher during the Renaissance time period, wrote “The Prince”

Erasmus

Famous philosopher and writer considered one of the greatest thinkers of the Renaissance

double drum mill

medieval crane that was used to lift stone in order to build castles. humans walked on the wheel that powered the crane

cog

ships used in medieval Europe that had a flat bottom, perfect for transporting cargo and livestock. rough roads on land in Europe made sailing a better option. These ships were easily docked at all ports

pillory

this device was used to punish merchants who attempted to miss sell their trades. they were publicly shamed as civilians around them threw food and verbally abused them. Head and wrists were locked into the wooden structure and it was weighted down with stone.

dying clothes

in medieval times, stale male urine and vegetable oils were used for the process of __________.

5th gait

traveling horses used in medieval times had this feature that made them unique; it involved the horse going at a medium speed in between a walk and run which was considered perfect for comfortable travel

chainmail

tight, interlocked chains made into this kind of armour, used by knights in the medieval times. This went over textile armour/padding and protected soldier from long and close range fighting

war bow

new and improved crossbow invented in the medieval time period, used by knights. this type of weapon took a lot of strength to use

scholasticism

a philosophical/theological system devised to reconcile Aristotelian and Roman Catholic theology in the 13th century

printing press

a mechanical device used to transfer text or graphics from a woodblock or type of paper using ink. Appeared in Europe around 1450.