Studied by 146 people
Song dynasty
Distinguished for its advances in technology, medicine, astronomy, and mathematics. Came about after a period of war following the Tang Dynasty. Highlights include: paper money, trade guilds, confucianism and civil service exams.
Neo-Confucianism
New ways of understanding Confucius texts that became the basic philosophy of China during Song period.
Zen
Japanese word for buddhism branch based on highly disciplined meditation.
Champa Rice
Introduced into Vietnam from India, quick-maturing and allows for 2 harvests in one season. It is drought resistant and was sent to China as a tribute gift.
Gunpowder
Brought into China and originally was used to deter insect pests and evil spirits. Was later used to make explosives and propel cannonballs and bullets.
Junk
Very large flat bottom ship produced in the Tang, Song, and Ming Empires, designed for long distance commercial travel for trade
Dar al-islam
Expanding region of Islamic rule by Muslim majorities across North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia.
Mali
Famous for its role in the Trans-Saharan gold trade, was one of the richest tropical states during Islamic expansion. Located in Western Sudan region of West Africa. Sundiata Keita (Lion King) est. the empire.
Timbuktu
City in Mali, big center for trade in Africa. Also center of Islamic learning.
Anasazi
Southwest U.S. culture, found in Chaco Canyon and Mesa Verde in CO. Built multi-story residences and worshipped in kiva buildings.
Chiefdom
Ruled by a hereditary leader, held power over collection of towns. Less powerful than empires/kingdoms; based on gift giving and commercial links.
Confucius Real name
Kongzi/Kong Fuzi meaning Master Kong or Grand Master Kong
Confucius teachings
teachings included: respecting elders and ancestors, literature/arts, morality/ethics, self improvement, being aware of own ignorance
QIN Dynasty
united all waring states together in China, adopted confucianism and banned all other philosophical ideas ESPECIALLY in politics
Christianity
Originated in Mediterranean region, followers of Jesus Christ, original followers were Jews, believed in Salvation, Monotheistic, Ten Commandments
Islam
“surrendered” to Allah, extreme monotheistic, Muhammad leader, the Quran (revelations from Allah), sacred Mosques, 5 pillars
Sunni Muslims
most qualified muslim group/ Islam
Shi’a Muslims
blood relative muslims, very divided from Sunni
Judaism
Abraham chosen to lead by God, monotheistic, Isaac-Jacob (Israel) considered prophets/did not believe Jesus was Messiah, Torah (first 5 books of bible)/Tanakh, holy Synagogues led by Rabbis, Covenant - agreement with God
Jerusalem
considered holiest ground in Judaism, third-holiest shrine in Islam, major site linked to life of Jesus Christ
Mongols
defeated the Song Empire and ended it in 1279, led by Kublai Khan
Meritocracy
part of civil service exams, meant government selected most qualified/able boys to represent in politics
trade guilds
large part of Song Empire, included iron and gunpowder trades
Chinese Foot Binding
Act of breaking feet/toes to make them smaller in order for women to appear more attractive, limited mobility, achieved “Lotus feet”
Battle of Manzikert
Seljuk Turks defeated the Byzantines, caused Islam to be pushed further West in Mediterranean; created rise of separate Islamic states
Crusades
Their objective was to reclaim Jerusalem and stop the spread of Islam; began when Pope Urban II spoke at Council of Clermont
Legacy of the Crusades
very little land was gained by both sides, western Europe benefited from Algebra and Chemistry, new trade items came about inc. spices, ivory, gems (very important at the time)
Sundiata Keita
also known as the Lion King, est. Mali Empire, controlled major gold mines and trade routes. Born with physical disability but became a very fair leader, drove out Sosso empire from his hometown and conquered many states with his strong military
Songhai
______ people from Morocco controlled Mali Empire as the empire fell.
Black Death
Airborn virus spread by fleas brought to Europe by ships from the East. Mass graves held bodies, bodies littered the streets and were collected by body collectors. Jews were often blamed for it.
bubonic, septicemic, pneumonic
3 variations of the Black Death
chaco canyon
home of turquoise trade and center of other commerce in Anasazi culture
Cahokia Mounds
large, manmade structures in the mississippi region during the time of the Anasazi culture in the southwest. Appeared like large hills in the ground built by Native American Indians
Serfdom
system by which people would be tied to the land they worked on
serfs
These people made up about 80% of the Europe population, were tied to the land for whom they worked, worked 6 days with long hours, and attend church 5-6 times per week
3 field system
A system of crop rotation in Europe where a field is planted with one crop the first year, a different crop the second year, and then left alone in the third year
guilds
In Europe, a group of craftsmen or merchants who promoted their trade economically. Ex. textile owners, blacksmiths, and trade merchants
master, journeyman, apprentice
Line of status for merchants/craftsmen in Europe from highest to lowest status
anti-semitism
jewish persecution in Europe civic life
medieval torture devices
iron maiden, the “rack” (which stretched the human body), thumb screws (makes hands unusable), “the brazen bull”
Michelangelo
sculptor, painter of the Sistene Chapel
Nobles
very powerful estate owners in 13/14/15 century Europe
knights
backbone of armies in Europe, known as the military elite. trained with wrestling techniques and sword fighting
pell
medieval equivalent of a punching bag, knights trained on these to practice their sword fighting, often used extra heavy swords to build strength
weapons used in medieval Europe
crossbow, rifles fired with gunpowder,
divine right
God gave power to rulers, Monarchs believed this in the medieval centuries in Europe
100 years war
series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involved English and french royal families and french noble families
Joan of Arc
Famous french peasant girl who fights for and leads French forces to victory in several battles of the 100 years war. She was captured and burned as a heretic
Iberian peninsula
Portugal and Spain fought off Muslim conquerers to unite the ____ under Spanish and Portugal rule once again.
king and queen of spain
Isabella of Castille and Ferdinand of Aragon
Renaissance
“Rebirth” of Greco-Roman culture, art/intellectual culture, defined by humanists
humanists
people during the Renaissance period who loved working with poetry, history, philosophy, grammar, writing, and thinking.
Leonardo da Vinci
Painter of “The Last Supper” and sculptor of the Vitruvian Man. He was obsessed with the human body and anatomy and was mainly self taught as far as his education
Niccolo Machiavelli
Italian famous author and philosopher during the Renaissance time period, wrote “The Prince”
Erasmus
Famous philosopher and writer considered one of the greatest thinkers of the Renaissance
double drum mill
medieval crane that was used to lift stone in order to build castles. humans walked on the wheel that powered the crane
cog
ships used in medieval Europe that had a flat bottom, perfect for transporting cargo and livestock. rough roads on land in Europe made sailing a better option. These ships were easily docked at all ports
pillory
this device was used to punish merchants who attempted to miss sell their trades. they were publicly shamed as civilians around them threw food and verbally abused them. Head and wrists were locked into the wooden structure and it was weighted down with stone.
dying clothes
in medieval times, stale male urine and vegetable oils were used for the process of __________.
5th gait
traveling horses used in medieval times had this feature that made them unique; it involved the horse going at a medium speed in between a walk and run which was considered perfect for comfortable travel
chainmail
tight, interlocked chains made into this kind of armour, used by knights in the medieval times. This went over textile armour/padding and protected soldier from long and close range fighting
war bow
new and improved crossbow invented in the medieval time period, used by knights. this type of weapon took a lot of strength to use
scholasticism
a philosophical/theological system devised to reconcile Aristotelian and Roman Catholic theology in the 13th century
printing press
a mechanical device used to transfer text or graphics from a woodblock or type of paper using ink. Appeared in Europe around 1450.
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