Nursing Concepts: Health Promotion, Critical Thinking, Cultural Competence, Sexuality, and Spirituality

Vocabulary flashcards covering major terms from the lecture on nursing aims, critical thinking frameworks, cultural competence, sexuality, and spirituality.

Health Promotion

Activities that increase well-being and actualize human health potential, such as education and lifestyle changes.

Healthy People 2030

U.S. national framework of measurable objectives aimed at improving population health over the current decade.

Preventing Illness

Reducing disease through education, screenings, immunizations, and risk-reduction strategies.

Restoring Health

return clients to optimal function after illness or injury, including rehabilitation and early detection.

Facilitating Coping with Disability or Death

Supporting clients and families in adapting to chronic limitation, terminal illness, or end-of-life processes (e.g., hospice care).

Caregiver (Role)

Nurse who provides direct physical and emotional care to clients.

Collaborator (Role)

Nurse who works with interdisciplinary team members to plan and coordinate care.

Counselor (Role)

Nurse who uses therapeutic communication to help clients identify problems and solutions.

Communicator (Role)

Nurse who exchanges information effectively with clients, families, and the health-care team.

Critical Thinking

Purposeful, analytic reasoning that guides nursing judgments and actions for safe, effective care.

QSEN (Quality and Safety Education for Nurses)

Initiative specifying six core competencies essential for future nurses to improve care quality and safety.

Patient-Centered Care

QSEN competency that respects and integrates patient and family preferences, needs, and values in clinical decisions.

Teamwork and Collaboration

QSEN competency that promotes open communication and mutual respect among health-care professionals.

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)

QSEN competency using current research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values for optimal care.

Quality Improvement (QI)

Ongoing collection and analysis of data to enhance health-care processes and outcomes.

Safety (QSEN)

Minimization of risk and harm to patients and providers through system effectiveness and individual performance.

Informatics (QSEN)

Use of information technology to communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate error, and support decision making.

Nursing Process (ADPIE)

Systematic framework—Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation—used to deliver individualized nursing care.

Assessment

Systematic collection of subjective and objective client data.

Diagnosis

Clinical judgment about actual or potential health problems that nurses can manage.

Planning

Setting priorities, goals, and selecting evidence-based interventions to address nursing diagnoses.

Implementation

Carrying out planned nursing interventions and documenting care.

Evaluation

Determining whether expected outcomes were achieved and revising the plan as needed.

Tanner’s Clinical Judgment Model

Framework describing how nurses think: Noticing, Interpreting, Responding, Reflecting.

Noticing

Tanner step: identifying significant cues in the clinical situation.

Interpreting

Tanner step: processing cues to understand their meaning and predict client needs.

Responding

Tanner step: selecting and performing nursing actions based on interpretation.

Reflecting

Tanner step: reviewing outcomes to learn and improve future practice.

Clinical Judgment Measurement Model (CJMM)

NCLEX framework with six cognitive steps linking assessment to action for safe nursing decisions.

Recognize Cues

CJMM step: gather and filter relevant patient data.

Analyze Cues

CJMM step: link cues to client conditions and identify patterns.

Prioritize Hypotheses

CJMM step: rank possible problems by urgency and likelihood.

Generate Solutions

CJMM step: create nursing actions to address prioritized hypotheses.

Take Action

CJMM step: implement selected interventions.

Evaluate Outcomes

CJMM step: assess results and determine need for plan modification.

Culture

Shared beliefs, values, and behavioral expectations that provide social structure for daily living.

Cultural Diversity

Coexistence of different cultural, ethnic, gender, and socioeconomic groups within a society or setting.

Ethnicity

Sense of identity with a group sharing common heritage, language, and cultural traditions.

Race

Historical classification based on physical characteristics such as skin color and facial features.

Stereotyping

Assuming that all members of a group share identical characteristics or behaviors.

Cultural Competence

Ability to deliver respectful, responsive care that meets patients’ cultural and linguistic needs.

Interpreter Services

Qualified language assistance provided to ensure accurate communication with patients who have limited English proficiency.

Personal Space

Individual’s preferred physical distance in social interactions, influenced by culture.

ESFT Model

Transcultural tool assessing Explanatory model, Social/economic factors, Fears/concerns, and Therapeutic contracting.

Explanatory Model (E)

Patient’s own explanation of the cause, onset, and effects of illness.

Social and Economic Factors (S)

Assessment of resources, support, and practical barriers influencing health.

Fears and Concerns (F)

Patient worries regarding illness, treatment, or side effects.

Therapeutic Contracting (T)

Mutual agreement on goals and actions to manage health problems.

Sexual Health

State of physical, emotional, mental, and social well-being related to sexuality, not merely absence of disease.

Gender Identity

Internal sense of being male, female, a blend of both, or neither.

Gender Expression

External presentation of gender through behavior, clothing, voice, or hairstyle.

Biological Sex

Anatomical and chromosomal attributes (e.g., XX, XY) assigned at birth.

Sexual Orientation

Pattern of romantic or sexual attraction toward others (e.g., heterosexual, bisexual, homosexual).

Erectile Dysfunction

Persistent inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for intercourse.

Premature Ejaculation

Consistent ejaculation before or shortly after penetration, causing distress.

Inhibited Sexual Desire

Persistent lack of sexual interest or desire in a woman.

Dyspareunia

Recurrent or persistent genital pain associated with sexual intercourse in females.

Vaginismus

Involuntary contraction of pelvic floor muscles resulting in closed or painful vaginal opening.

Vulvodynia

Chronic unexplained pain or discomfort of the vulva lasting three months or longer.

Spirituality

Personal quest for meaning, purpose, and connection with a higher power, nature, or the universe.

Faith

Confident belief in something for which there is no empirical proof.

Religion

Organized system of beliefs, rituals, and practices shared within a community to express spirituality.