AI, Basic Data Concepts, and Data Visualisation Flashcards

A complete set of vocabulary flashcards covering Introduction to AI, Basic Data Concepts, and Data Visualisation and Analysis.

Intelligence

The ability to learn, think, understand, solve problems, apply knowledge effectively, adapt to new situations, and make appropriate decisions based on experience.

Interpersonal Intelligence

A type of intelligence where an individual understands how others feel, communicates well, brings people together, and helps a team work smoothly.

Naturalistic Intelligence

A type of intelligence characterized by an awareness of plants, animals, and the natural world, making sense of nature around oneself.

Intrapersonal Intelligence

A type of intelligence characterized by self-awareness, understanding one's own feelings, and knowing how to learn in the best positive manner.

Artificial Intelligence

The field of computer science that makes machines intelligent, enabling them to perform tasks that usually require human intelligence such as data analysis, pattern recognition, and decision-making.

Computing

The process of using computers to conduct mathematical, logical, or relational calculations.

Automatons

Simple early mechanical devices created using water, gears, and levers that performed fixed tasks repeatedly without learning from experience.

Alan Turing

A mathematician who posed the question 'Can machines think?' in the 1940s and introduced the Turing Test to evaluate machine intelligence.

Turing Test

A method introduced by Alan Turing to assess whether a machine can perform so convincingly that a person cannot tell whether they are interacting with a machine or a human being.

John McCarthy

A computer science professor at Stanford University known as the 'Father of Artificial Intelligence' who coined the term Artificial Intelligence in 1956.

AI Winter

A period during the 1980s and 1990s when AI progress halted due to slow processors, limited memory, and high costs.

Automation

Systems or machines that operate on fixed rules and preset instructions without thinking, learning, or changing output based on data.

Labelled Data

Data that already has a predefined label or tag assigned to it.

Unlabelled Data

Data that does not have any predefined labels or tags assigned to it.

Machine Learning

A branch of AI that enables machines to learn from data and improve their performance over time using algorithms without being explicitly programmed for every task.

Supervised Learning

A type of machine learning where the model learns relationships between input data and correct output labels to predict answers for new inputs.

Unsupervised Learning

A type of machine learning where a model analyzes unlabelled data to discover hidden patterns, structures, or groupings without predefined guidance.

Reinforcement Learning

A machine learning method based on trial and error where an agent learns optimal decision-making in an environment through rewards and penalties.

Agent

The learner or decision-maker in reinforcement learning that observes the current state of an environment and takes actions.

Environment

The surrounding system in reinforcement learning that holds all conditions and provides feedback rewards or penalties to the agent based on its actions.

State

The current situation or condition observed by an agent within an environment during reinforcement learning.

Data

Raw facts and information that can be processed, organized, and analyzed to yield meaningful insights for decision-making.

Numerical Data

A primary data type consisting of numbers and values used for counting, measuring, and mathematical calculations.

Text Data

A data type made up of letters, words, or sentences used to put information into words.

Image Data

A data type made up of pictures, drawings, or photos that present visual information.

Video Data

A data type consisting of moving pictures, sometimes accompanied by sound, used to show actions and events.

Sound Data

A data type consisting of sounds, speech, or music audio.

Collecting Data

The process of gathering information from people, books, the internet, or instruments to support analysis and decision-making.

Organising Data

The process of arranging, sorting, and classifying raw data into a logical, usable format to enable easy retrieval and prevent data loss.

Classification

The grouping of similar kinds of data during data organisation.

Structuring

The process of arranging data into separate folders or tabular formats.

Labelling

The process of giving correct, clear, and descriptive names to data files or fields.

Storage

The process of saving data in appropriate and secure systems.

Tables

A data representation format that arranges information in rows and columns for precise value lookup and structured comparisons.

Bar Charts

Data visualizations that use rectangular bars whose heights or lengths are proportional to the values being compared across discrete categories.

Pictograms

Visual representations that use icons or symbols along with a clear key to represent quantitative data.

Structured Data

Data that is highly organised, following a clear format in rows and columns like spreadsheets or databases, making it easy to store, search, and analyze.

Unstructured Data

Data that does not follow a fixed format—such as audio, video, images, or emails—requiring more effort to organize and analyze.

Observation

A data collection method where data is gathered by carefully watching and recording items or actions.

Surveys and Questionnaires

A data collection method that involves asking individuals questions and recording their responses.

Measurements

A data collection method using tools or instruments to measure and record physical values.

Digital Collection

Automated gathering of data recorded directly by electronic devices, software, or sensors.

Database

A structured collection of data stored in tables consisting of rows (records) and columns (fields) that allows fast searching and easy updating.

Data Visualisation

The process of converting data into visual representations like charts, graphs, or maps to make patterns and insights easy to detect.

Line Graphs

Visual charts used to display data changes continuously over time and highlight trends or patterns.

Pie Charts

Circular charts divided into slices where each slice represents a proportional part or percentage of a whole.

Pattern

Sequences, similarities, or recurring behaviors in data that follow a specific rule.

Trend

The overall direction or movement showing how data changes over time.

Data Analysis

The process of examining data using computational and mathematical tools to extract meaningful insights and detailed information.

Precision

Refers to how detailed or exact a measurement or data representation is.

Accuracy

Refers to how close a measurement or value is to the true or actual value.

Valid Data

A dataset that is both accurate and precise, essential for reliable analysis and correct conclusions.

Metadata

Information about data that describes its characteristics, structure, precision, and accuracy.