B2 Cell specialisation

The palisade mesophyll cells are found in what

Leaves

They have chloroplasts to do what?

Absorb large amounts of light for photosynthesis

the palisade cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane and a cell made of cellulose this helps the leaf how ?

It helps to protect the cell and keep it rigid

THE root hair cell is found where

Found at the roots of plants

The root hair cells structure

It has. A long hair like extension which is the root hair and it increases the surface area to maximise absorption of minerals and movement of water

They have thin cellulose cell walls and a vacuole which have cell sap , this also has water potential but is it high or low ?

Low water potential this increases the movement of water

SPerm cells what are they

They are male gametes

What is a gamete

A gamete has one set of chromosomes compared to parent cells

Sperm cell structure

• They have a tail to help with swimming and movement

• they have many mitochondria for energy needed to move

• The middle piece contains acrosome which contains digestive enzymes

What do the digestive enzymes do in the sperm cell

They are releaseD when the sperm meets the egg and they digest the protective layer of the egg , this is fertilisation

Egg cells are

Female gametes

The egg cell has the zona pellucida what is this ?

This is the outer protective layer of the egg and is attached to the corona radiata

Its function is to supply the proteins needed by the fertilised egg

Red blood cells structures

They have a biconcave shape which increases the surface area to volume ratio

They are flexible to fit through small gaps / capillaries

What is the red blood cells function

To transport oxygen around the body

Do red blood cells have a nucleus ?

No, this increases the space for haemoglobin inside the cell

What is haemoglobin

Protein molecule in red blood cells it carries oxygen from lungs to other body parts

White blood cell what do they do

They play a role in the immune system they kill pathogens

Structure of the white blood cells

They have a multi lobed nuclei which enables the cell to squeeze through gaps

Its cytoplasm hold lysosomes

What is lysosome

Membrane bound organelles having enzymes which digest pathogens

They have phagocytes and lymphocytes what do they do

Phagocytes digest pathogens and lymphocytes release antibodies