alterations in shape and form

fusion, gemination or twinned tooth, taurodontism, talon’s cusp or supernumerary cusp, leong’s premolar or dens evaginatus, dens invaginatus or den en dente, peg shaped lateral, hutchinson’s teeth

anomalies in crown

fusion

anomalies in crown

• joining of 2 developing tooth germs, resulting in a single large tooth structure

dentin, enamel

fusion is a condition wherein 2 normally separated teeth become fused or united by — and —

entire length of the teeth, crowns only, roots only

fusion process may involve: —

mandibular anteriors

fusion is common in —

trauma, pressure or sudden force, hereditary

etiology of fusion

gemination or twinned tooth

anomalies in crown

• defined as the attempt to make 2 teeth from a single enamel organ

gemination or twinned tooth

anomalies in crown

• a condition wherein the crown of a tooth appears split or twinned due to the presence of a longitudinal groove running gingivo-incisally with a notch at the center

maxillary anteriors

gemination or twinned tooth is common in —

taurodontism

anomalies in crown

• refers to teeth that have elongated crowns or apically displaced furcations, resulting in pulp chambers that have increased apical-occlusal height

furcation

junction of the orifices, which is the opening of the root canal

bifurcation

only those teeth with more than 1 canal

rectangular

in taurodontism, root is — in shape

talon’s cusp or supernumerary cusp

anomalies in crown

• supplemental cusp arising from the cervico-lingual ridge or overdeveloped cingulum

normal enamel and dentin, horn of pulp tissue

talon’s cusp or supernumerary cusp is composed of — and contains a —

maxillary central incisors

talon’s cusp or supernumerary cusp is common in —

due to over stimulation of inner dental epithelium

etiology of talon’s cusp or supernumerary cusp

leong’s premolar or dens evaginatus

anomalies in crown

• an anomalous tubercle or cusp, which is frequently bilateral, located in the center of the occlusal surface of the mandibular premolar teeth

invagination or extrusion of the inner dental epithelium during tooth development

etiology of leong’s premolar or dens evaginatus

dens invaginatus or dens en dente

anomalies in crown

• this is a tooth within a tooth

dens invaginatus or dens en dente

anomalies in crown

• there is an exaggeration or accentuation of the lingual pit

superficial

dens invaginatus or dens en dente ranges in severity

• only the crown is affected

deep

dens invaginatus or dens en dente ranges in severity

• both the crown and the root are involved

permanent maxillary lateral incisors

dens invaginatus or dens en dente is common in —

invagination during the developmental stage of the tooth

etiology of dens invaginatus or dens en dente

peg-shaped lateral

anomalies in crown

• tooth crown appears cone-shape because of aplasia of the mesial and distal components of the tooth

maxillary lateral incisors

peg-shaped lateral is common in —

dental epithelium is too weak to produce the tissue

etiology of peg-shaped lateral

hutchinson’s teeth, interstitial keratitis-inflammation of cornea, 8th nerve deafness

hutchinson’s triad

hutchinson’s teeth

these are teeth characteristic of congenital syphilis - std, from mother to the infant

spirochete infection (treponema pallidum) of the enamel organ of teeth when amelogenesis is active

etiology of hutchinson’s teeth

notched or hutchinson incisor

type of hutchinson’s teeth

• tooth is narrower at the cutting edge

notched or hutchinson incisor

type of hutchinson’s teeth

• screw-driver or barrel form

notched or hutchinson incisor

type of hutchinson’s teeth

• no contact with adjacent teeth

notched or hutchinson incisor

type of hutchinson’s teeth

• middle lobe is absent resulting to a half-moon defect or crescentic notch

mulberry molar

type of hutchinson’s teeth

• occlusal surface is pinched together, dwarfed, rough and often pigmented

mulberry molar

type of hutchinson’s teeth

• possesses porly developed cusps

mandibular molars

mulberry molar is common in —

extraction

clinical significance of fusion

entrance to the root canal or orifice is difficult making inserting the instrument not possible

clinical significance of taurodontism

prone to caries

clinical significance of talon’s cusp or supernumerary cusp

the defect predisposes to early decay and subsequent pulpitis

clinical significance of dens invaginatus or dens en dente

concrescence, enamel pearl, dilaceration, flexion, ankylosis, hypercementosis, supernumerary roots

anomalies in roots

concrescence

anomalies in roots

• a condition wherein 2 normally separated teeth become fused o9r united by cementum

maxillary 2nd and 3rd molars

concrescence is commonly seen in association with the —

trauma or overcrowding

etiology of concrescence

extraction

clinical significance of concrescence

enamel pearl

anomalies in roots

• appears as tiny globule of ectopic enamel frequently found near or in the furcation area of the roots of teeth or on the root surface near the CEJ

maxillary molars

enamel pearl is common in —

arises from a small group of misplace ameloblasts

etiology of enamel pearl

dilaceration

anomalies in roots

• a condition wherein there is an angular bent or distortion involving the long axis of the crown and the long axis of the root

90*

dilaceration bend can be as much as —

middle third of the root

bending of the dilaceration root happens on the —

difficult to RCT and extraction

clinical significance of dilaceration

flexion

anomalies in roots

• a condition wherein the distortion or curvature of the tooth involved the apical 3rd of the root

• usually the bend is less than 90*

ankylosis

anomalies in roots

• a condition wherein the teeth are united to the alveolar bone due to trauma or infection or lack of space

ankylosed tooth appears submerged, opposing tooth visibly loses alignment, permanent tooth is blocked because the primary tooth’s roots failed to dissolve normally

some signs of ankylosis

dull, solid sound

sound of an ankylosed tooth

hollow sound

sound of a normal tooth

surgical luxation with orthodontic assistance, decoronation, extraction, wait

treatment and management of ankylosed tooth

hypercementosis

anomalies in roots

• excessive deposition of cementum in the roots

• only identified radiographically as radioopacity

extraction

clinical significance of hypercementosis

supernumerary roots

anomalies in roots

• excess in the number of roots