Deamination
the reaction catalyzed by deaminases; it removes amine groups to form ammonia.
Transamination
a process that involves an amino transferase enzyme (transfer of an amino group to an α- keto acid)
Fibrinogen
a plasma protein that is converted into fibrin, which forms a cross- linked structure that becomes the structural basis for a clot.
Pepsin
a key enzyme that begins the process of protein hydrolysis after HCL acid has uncoiled or linearized the protein.
Hemoglobin
a red blood cell protein that delivers oxygen.
Reference Protein
a high-quality protein standard that is used to compare or assess other proteins.
Clotting Factor
a special component that is built in the liver and released in a zymogen form.
Eukaryotic initiation factor
a factor involved with determining the sufficiency inborn error of metabolism genetic defect in an enzyme.
Protein Energy Malnutrition
a serious, common form of undernutrition.
Denaturing
the straightening and uncoiling of proteins, thereby allowing greater access to ________.
Nitrogen Balance
the amount of nitrogen or protein required by a human.
Factorial Method
is used to determine obligatory nitrogen losses (urine, feces, sweat, nails, and dermal sources) when a protein- free diet is given to test subjects.
Chemical score
________ or amino acid score a common protein assessment tool.
= mg amino acid in 1 gram test protein/mg amino acid in reference protein ALL MULTIPLIED BY 100
Albumin
a principal plasma protein that is important for nutrient transport
Amino Acid
building blocks of proteins
20 Amino Acids are genetically coded via mRNA
Amino Acid Score
a measure of the amount of an essential amino acid present in a food compared to the amount of amino acid in a reference protein that supports growth and maintenance
Biological Value
the amount of Nitrogen digested, absorbed, and used by the body, but not excreted
Complete Protein
food protein that is able to provide all essential amino acids in proportions that meet human need
Also known as High Biological Value Protein
Edema
an accumulation of fluids in the tissues
Essential amino acid
amino acid that the body cannot produce, it is a dietary requirement
Glucogenic amino acid
amino acid that can be used in Gluconeogenesis or to produce glucose
High Biological Value Protein
food protein that is able to provide all essential amino acids in proportions that meet human need
also known as Complete Protein
Ketogenic Amino Acid
amino acid that is degraded to acetoacetate
Kwashiorkor
lack of dietary protein or poor protein quality
Limiting Amino Acid
an essential amino acid that is present in an amount insufficient to support growth or maintenance if it is the sole source of protein
Marasmus
lack of energy or calories (lack of food) and protein
Net Protein Utilization
the biological value corrected by the percent digestibility of a protein source
Plasminogen
a substance that converts to Plasmin, which serves to dissolve clots
Primary Structure
the main polypeptide chain
Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score
the amino acid score corrected by the percent digestibility of a protein source
Protein Efficiency Ration (PER)
a single assessment of protein quality
PER= Weight gain in grams/ protein intake in grams