Atomists "thought that matter was made of ________ and nothing existed between them.
New cards
2
matter
anything that occupies space and has mass
New cards
3
law of definite proportions
the law that states that the masses of chemical substances combine in definite, characteristic integer ratios when forming compounds
New cards
4
particle model of matter
a model that states that all physical matter exists in the form of particles (atoms or molecules) in constant motion
New cards
5
atom
the building block of all matter, consisting of protons, electrons, and (usually) neutrons
New cards
6
molecule
a distinct group of two or more covalently bonded together
New cards
7
pure substance
a material made of only one kind of element or compound; not a mixture
New cards
8
element
a pure substance that consists of atoms with the same atomic number
New cards
9
compound
a pure substance consisting of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined
New cards
10
mixture
a physical combination of two or more substances (elements, compounds, or other mixtures) in a changeable ratio
New cards
11
heterogeneous mixture
a mixture that does not have uniform appearances since the combined are unevenly distributed
New cards
12
homogeneous mixture
a mixture that has a uniform appearance throughout
New cards
13
solid
the state of matter in which particles vibrate in fixed positions, giving a substance a fixed shaped and volume
New cards
14
Particle spacing
close
New cards
15
Particle motion
vibrating in space
New cards
16
Volume
fixed
New cards
17
Shape
fixed
New cards
18
Compressibility
low
New cards
19
Density
high
New cards
20
liquid
the state of matter in which particles are close together but able to move around
New cards
21
Particle spacing
close
New cards
22
Particle motion
able to slide past each other
New cards
23
Volume
fixed
New cards
24
Shape
changes to fill a container from the bottom
New cards
25
Compressibility
low
New cards
26
Density
between that of a solid and that of a gas
New cards
27
Viscosity
the attractive forces between the liquid particles determine the viscosity of a liquid (resistance to flowing)
New cards
28
gas
the state of matter in which particles are far apart, move rapidly, and have little interaction with each other
New cards
29
Particle spacing
widely spread
New cards
30
Particle motion
high speed
New cards
31
Volume
changes to fill the container
New cards
32
Shape
changes to fill the container
New cards
33
Compressibility
high
New cards
34
Density
low
New cards
35
Pressure
due to collisions with container surface
New cards
36
plasma
a gas-like state of matter, formed at very high temperatures, that consists of high-energy ions and free electrons
New cards
37
physical properties
anything a substance that can be observed or measures without altering the substances chemical composition
New cards
38
ductility
the ability of a solid material to be pulled into a wire
New cards
39
malleability
the ability of some solid materials to be hammered or pressed into sheets
New cards
40
conductivity
the ease with which a material allows the transfer of either electrical or thermal energy
New cards
41
luster
the quality of how a material reflects lights
New cards
42
physical changes
any change in matter that does not alter the composition of the substance
New cards
43
chemical properties
a property of a substance that describes how its chemical identity changes in the presence of another substance or under certain conditions
New cards
44
reactivity
the degree to which a material will react with other substances
New cards
45
flammability
the ability of a material to burn in the presence of oxygen
New cards
46
chemical changes
changes that alter the chemical composition of a substance
New cards
47
law of conservation
a fundamental natural law that states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed but can only change forms
New cards
48
melting
the change of state from solid to a liquid
New cards
49
melting point
the temperature at which a solid turns to a liquid
New cards
50
freezing
the change of state from a liquid to a solid
New cards
51
vaporization
the change of state from a liquid to a vapor (gas)
New cards
52
vaporization can occur in two ways
evaporation and boiling
New cards
53
evaporation
the relatively slow form of vaporization in which liquid particles obtain sufficient energy to change to the gaseous state through the random collisions of particles
New cards
54
boiling
the relatively fast form of vaporization in which the energy within a liquid creates higher pressure within the liquid than the air pressure outside the liquid
New cards
55
boiling point
the temperature at which a liquid starts to boil
New cards
56
condensation
the change of state from a vapor to a liquid
New cards
57
sublimation
the change in state directly from a solid to a gas (vapor) without melting first
New cards
58
deposition
the change in state directly from a gas (vapor) to a solid without condensing first
New cards
59
matter
anything that occupies space and has mass
New cards
60
law of definite proportions
the law that states that the masses of chemical substances combine in definite, characteristic integer ratios when forming compounds
New cards
61
particle model of matter
a model that states that all physical matter exists in the form of particles (atoms or molecules) in constant motion
New cards
62
atom
the building block of all matter, consisting of protons, electrons, and (usually) neutrons
New cards
63
molecule
a distinct group of two or more covalently bonded together
New cards
64
pure substance
a material made of only one kind of element or compound; not a mixture
New cards
65
element
a pure substance that consists of atoms with the same atomic number
New cards
66
compound
a pure substance consisting of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined
New cards
67
mixture
a physical combination of two or more substances (elements, compounds, or other mixtures) in a changeable ratio
New cards
68
heterogeneous mixture
a mixture that does not have uniform appearances since the combined are unevenly distributed
New cards
69
homogeneous mixture
a mixture that has a uniform appearance throughout
New cards
70
solid
the state of matter in which particles vibrate in fixed positions, giving a substance a fixed shaped and volume
New cards
71
liquid
the state of matter in which particles are close together but able to move around
New cards
72
Viscosity
resistance to flowing
New cards
73
Pressure
due to collisions with container surface
New cards
74
plasma
a gas-like state of matter, formed at very high temperatures, that consists of high-energy ions and free electrons
New cards
75
physical properties
anything a substance that can be observed or measures without altering the substance’s chemical composition
New cards
76
ductility
the ability of a solid material to be pulled into a wire
New cards
77
malleability
the ability of some solid materials to be hammered or pressed into sheets
New cards
78
conductivity
the ease with which a material allows the transfer of either electrical or thermal energy
New cards
79
luster
the quality of how a material reflects lights
New cards
80
physical changes
any change in matter that does not alter the composition of the substance
New cards
81
chemical properties
a property of a substance that describes how its chemical identity changes in the presence of another substance or under certain conditions
New cards
82
reactivity
the degree to which a material will react with other substances
New cards
83
flammability
the ability of a material to burn in the presence of oxygen
New cards
84
chemical changes
changes that alter the chemical composition of a substance
New cards
85
law of conservation
a fundamental natural law that states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed but can only change forms
New cards
86
melting
the change of state from solid to a liquid
New cards
87
melting point
the temperature at which a solid turns to a liquid
New cards
88
freezing
the change of state from a liquid to a solid
New cards
89
vaporization
the change of state from a liquid to a vapor (gas)
New cards
90
evaporation
the relatively slow form of vaporization in which liquid particles obtain sufficient energy to change to the gaseous state through the random collisions of particles
New cards
91
boiling
the relatively fast form of vaporization in which the energy within a liquid creates higher pressure within the liquid than the air pressure outside the liquid
New cards
92
condensation
the change of state from a vapor to a liquid
New cards
93
sublimation:
the change in state directly from a solid to a gas (vapor) without melting first
New cards
94
deposition
the change in state directly from a gas (vapor) to a solid without condensing first
Studied by 1 person
Note 
Flashcard (89)