the cold war
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120 Terms
how many Japanese people died in the bombing?
120,000
how much TNT was dropped in the Japan bombing?
12,000 tonnes
how many soviets died as a result of the early Berlin takeover in WWII?
70,000
why did the USA drop 2 bombs in Japan?
to establish power, easier to negotiate w Stalin
when was the potsdam conference?
July - August 1945
when was the Tehran conference?
1943
when was the Yalta conference?
Feb 1945
how much money did Germany have to pay to the USSR for reparations?
$20 billion
how much of the German industrial equipment did the USSR take?
¼
Who were the Grand Alliance?
Churchill,Stalin,Roosevelt
Why did they meet for the Yalta conference?
obvious that Germany were going to lose, Red Army liberated Eastern Europe
disagreements in the Tehran conference?
Roosevelt saw British colonialism as a threat, location of the 2nd front
Who were the London Poles?
The Polish gov that were in exile. Came from France to England in 1940
what is a buffer zone?
An area giving someone a protection against a threat
what is a satellite state?
A country that is independent but is under heavy influence or control from another country
when did Japan bomb Pearl Harbour?
1941
when was the iron curtain speech?
1946
what was the ICS about?
thought the USSR was a threat, wanted the USA to keep the West protected. How communism and capitalism were 2 seperate worlds
how much aid did the marshall plan give?
$13.7 billion
how much aid did Britain recieve?
¼
what were the two parties in Greek Civil War?
Communists, pro - royalists
why did Greece have a Civil War?
Germany had control over Greece, but they lost power after WW2 defeat, so there was no one in charge
Why was Britain going bankrupt?( Greek Civil War)
6 years of war meant they spent a lot of money on military equipment
how much did Greece + Turkey receive in aid?
$400 million
what were Stalins attitudes ( reasons for cold war )
convinced that the West wanted to destroy communism. Cutted back on individual rights, set up a buffer zone.
when was the Marshall plan?
3 april 1948
what were Churchill’s ideologies
Believed in a British Empire, conservative from an aristocratic family, didn’t like how the USA wanted support from the USSR
what were Roosevelt’s ideologies?
believed in democracy, believed colonies should be allowed freedom. Wanted USSR support after Pearl Harbour bombing
what were the effects of the long telegram?
Led to the policy of containment
what were the effects of the Novikov telegram?
further encouraged Stalin to take control
how many tonnes were sent in everyday by operation vittles
1,000
what was flown along the air tunnels
food,essentials,coal
what was the new airport created in the Berlin Crisis?
Tegel
when was the Berlin Airlift
26th June 1948
who were Trizonia?
USA,Britain,France
what was the currency created by Trizonia?
Deutschmark
what was the border between North and South Korea called?
the 38th parallel
how many US soldiers died in the Korean War?
30,000
how much money did the USA spend on the Korean war?
$67 billlion
when was SEATO created
1954
what was SEATO?
An organisation between countries to stop the spread of communism in South East Asia
how much did the USSR forces increase after the Korean War?
2.8 million ( 1950 - 1955)
when did Stalin die?
March 1953
who was the anti communist US general in the Korean War?
Douglas MacArthur
when did the Korean War start?
25th June 1950
when did the Korean War end?
1953
who was the leader of China in the Korean War?
Mao Zedong
why was MacArthur dismissed?
didn’t agree with Truman’s plans
when was Korea freed from Japanese control?
1945
when was Eisenhower elected?
1952
what were the ideologies from EisenHower?
wanted to destroy communism
when was the Geneva summit meeting?
1955
when did the USA make the atomic bomb?
1945
when did the USSR make the atomic bomb?
1949
when did the USA develop the HYDROGEN BOMB?
1952
when did the USSR develop the HYDROGEN BOMB?
1957
how powerful was the HYDROGEN BOMB?
1,000 x more powerful than the atomic bomb
what does ICBM stand for?
Inter continental ballistic missile
when did the USA develop the ICBM?
1957
when did the USSR develop the ICBM?
tested it months after the USA
What were the impacts of the Arms Race?
Acted as a deterrent for war
who was the original communist leader of Hungary?
Matyas Rakosi
how many Hungarians were in prison in the Sov rule?
300,000
how many Hungarians were executed in the Sov rule?
2,000
when were Hungary under strict sov control?
since 1945
when were the Hungarian protests?
1956
who was the leader of Hungary after Rakosi?
Imre Nagy
what was Imre Nagy’s past history?
expelled from the communist party in 1949 after supporting the peasant farmes and not the state
what were some of Nagy’s reforms?
wanted to leave the Warsaw Pact and make Hungary a neutral country
what was Imre Nagy like?
He was a communist but believed that there should be personal freedoms
how many people died in the soviet invasion?
20,000
who was the new gov in Hungary made under after the invasion?
Janos Kadar
when was the sov invasion in Hungary?
4th Nov 1956
when was NATO created?
April 1949
what was NATO?
A formal military alliance. If one country in NATO was attacked, then the other members would assist
what was Stalin’s response to the creation of East and West Germany?
created the German Democratic republic ( Oct 1949)
how was NATO created
By Ernest Bevin. He welcomed US involvement with other countries
who was Ernest Bevin?
British foreign secutary
when was the merge of Trizonia zones?
8th may 1949
In the new country of germany who was the parliament elected? ( 14th august 1949)?
Bundestag
when was the Vienna summit meeting?
June 1961
when was the Geneva summit meeting?
May 1955
when was the Maryland summit meeting?
Sep 1959
when was the U2 incident?
1st may 1960
when was the Paris summit meeting?
May 1960
what did the USA claim the U2 spy plane to be?
A weather plane
when was Khrushchev’s berlin ultamatium?
Nov1958
why did Khrushchev make the BUlatamatium?
didn’t want people to think that Germany could be reunited. Wanted everyone to recognize East Germany as its own country
what were Khrushchevs demands for the BU?
Berlin should be a free city, Berlin should be demilitarized,western troops should withdraw
what’s a free city?
independent gov controlled by the USSR
when was the refugee problem in Berlin?
1958
what was a brain drain?
skilled workers moved to the West because they could earn a higher salary but the East needed these people to boost the economy
stats for refugee problem in berlin?
3 milllion East Germans moved to west germany. Which is a 1/6 of the countries population
how many EG crossed the border 1 day in august?
40,000
who was the EG leader in 1961
Walter Ubricht
when was the berlin wall built?
13th august 1961
what was the impact on relations from the berlin wall
it proved that people preferred capitalism to communism
when did JFK come into office?
Jan 1961
how much did Eisenhower cut sugar imports by in July 1960
95%. banned all trade in oct 1960
what was the agreement that Castro made with the USSR?
Feb 1960. The USSR would buy 1 million tonnes of sugar every year for 5 years so the USSR could build missiles in cuba