Acid and Bases Theory

acid properties

produce hydrogen ions, acid anion is a spectator, acid properties are due to hydrogen ion

general properties of bases

bitter

litmus paper turns blue

soapy feeling

neutralizes acids

pH larger than 7

early theory

acids are compounds of hydrogen

problem with early theory

not all compounds of hydrogen are acidic in nature

Arrhenius theory

acids are substances that release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

why water creates acid

hydrogen atoms are too small to exist on their own

hydronium ion is formed

hydronium is responsible for acid properties

Lowry-Bronsted theory

an acid is a proton donor, a base is a proton acceptor

conjugate acids and bases

acids and bases that only differ by 1 proton

acid and base strength

strong acid- releases proton

strong base- strong attraction for proton

acid+base—→

salt+water

acid+metal—→

salt+hydrogen

acid+carbonate—→

salt+water+carbon dioxide