Neuro Exam 1: Somatosensory Imput

What receptors detect signals that originate from outside of the body?

exteroceptors/exteroception

What type of receptors sense vision, hearing, smell and taste?

exteroceptors/exteroception

What receptors see signals from inside the body?

proprioceptors/proprioception

What receptors see signals from visceral organs?

enteroceptor/interoception

What are the receptors found in the joints, muscles, and tendons?

proprioceptors/proprioception

What are the five types of exteroceptors?

mechanoreceptor, chemoreceptor, photoreceptor, thermoreceptor, and nociceptor

What exteroceptors sense distortion of tissue?

mechanorecptor

What exteroceptor sense taste, smell, and chemicals?

chemoreceptor

What exteroceptor are in the retina?

photoreceptor

What exteroceptor sense cold and heat?

thermoreceptor

What exteroceptors sense pain?

nociceptor

T/F Mechanoreceptors have a low threshold compared to nociceptors

TRUE

What do mechanoreceptors respond to?

touch, stretch, pressure, and skin indentation and vibration

What type of exteroceptors have a high threshold?

nociceptors

What type of receptors respond to stimuli that will cause tissue damage?

nociceptors

What do nociceptors respond to?

mechanical stimuli, heat, and chemical substances

What receptor is responsible for hyperpathia?

nociceptor

What receptors sense of where your body is in space?

proprioceptors

Where are proprioceptors found?

muscle spindles, golgi tendon organs, joints

What receptors are found at the areas that the arrows are pointing?

proprioceptors

What receptors are found at the area that the arrow is pointing?

proprioceptors

What is 1?

muscle spindle

What is 2?

infrafusal muscle fiber

What is 1?

muscle spindle

What is 2?

intrafusal muscle fiber

What is 1?

Muscle spindle

What is 2?

extrafusal muscle fiber

What muscle fibers are located throughout the skeletal muscle and recognized dynamic and static phases of muscle moment via the length of muscle?

intrafusal muscle fibers

Why do intrafusal muscle fibers relay muscle movement back to the spine?

for reflexes and brain intergration

What is this demonstraing?

brain intergration aka postural reactions

What is this demonstrating?

reflexes

What is involved with the patella reflex?

femoral nerve, spinal cord segements L4-5, and vertebra bodies L3-4

What nerve is involved with the patella relfex?

femoral nerve

What spinal for segments are involved in the patella reflex?

L4-5

What vertebra bodies are involved in the patella reflex?

L3-4

What are the three receptors are pseudounipolar neurons involved with?

mechanoreceptors, nociceptors, proprioceptors

What is the cell body of pseudiunipolar neurons?

dorsal root ganglion

What pathway is located in the dorsal and lateral ventral funiculi/column of white matter, and tracts in groups of axons in the CNS?

Somatosensory pathways

What is 1?

lateral funiculus

What is 2?

ventral funiculus

What is 3?

dorsal column/funiculus

Where do all incoming somatosensory information (except for smell) pass through?

thalamus

What side of the cerebrum/cortex do somatosensory information (expect for smell) end up on?

contralateral to the side the originate

Is sensory information efferent or afferent?

afferent

What receptors are found in this area of the dorsal column and medial lemniscus?

proprioceptors

What is this?

no idea

What pathway is the reason that fibers from one side end up in the right cerebrum?

medial lemniscus pathway

What is 1?

Proprioception (tactile)

What is 2?

nociception (thermoception)

In recovery of spinal cord compression, in what order do things come back?

pain sensation, motor function, proprioception

In loss during spinal cord compression, in what order are things loss?

proprioception, motor function, pain sensation

What type of fibers are affect first during spinal cord compression?

proprioceptive fibers

Why are proprioceptive fibers affected first during spinal cord compression?

large axons with heavy myelination

What fibers are affected last during spinal cord compression?

Nociceptive fibers

Why are nociceptive fibers affected last during spinal cord compression?

Small axons with light/no myelination

“Deep pain negative” dogs have a _____ spinal cord compression

severe

What receptions are tested by postural reactions first and see of signals are getting back to the brain?

proprioceptive receptors

WB

wheelbarrowing

HW/HS

Hemi-walking/stanind

HPG

hopping

CP

conscious proprioception/proprioceptive placement

EPT

extensor postural reactions

What is a painful response to a non-painful stimulation?

hyperpathia

What caused hyperpathia?

inflammatory mediators lowering the threshold for exteroreceptors

What is a response to a stimulation strong enough to cause tissue damage?

nociception

LR

left rear

LF

left fore

RF

right fore

RR

right rear

T

tail

P

perineum