psychopathology Exam 4

What is schizophrenia? 

disruptions in thought process, perception, emotional responsiveness and social interaction 

What are the core features of Schizophrenia

hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorder (unusual ways of thinking), as well as reduced expression of emotions

What is the genetic factor of schizophrenia?

its rare in children. can be passed from parent to child. better in later onset

Is there a gender factor for schizophrenia

male have more structural while women have it stress related

what is the treatment for schizophrenia

Antipsychotics, therapy etc 

what is the DSM-5 criteria for schizophrenia 

needs two core symptoms and last over a month: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized and negative symptoms 

What did the George, Paul, and Georgina video show us

It showed the effect and the fast spiral people face. Also the jump to action thinking

What is Brief psychotic disorder

a sudden, short-term display of psychotic behavior, such as hallucinations or delusions, which occurs with a stressful event. Last a day to less them a month 

What is schizophreniform disorder

delusions, hallucinations or disorganized speech. Last 1 to 6 months. Have mood disorder but it is not primary AND not need for diagnosis

Schizoaffective disorder

have to have major mood disorder & psychotic symptoms. persist for 2 weeks without a mood episode. over 6 months 

delusional disorder

delusion is impairing. episodes are brief and last a month

What is prodomal phase in schizophrenia

early signs

what is the active phase in schizophrenia

full symptoms. you can hide it and its obvious for outside people

what is the residual phase in scizophrenia

the last phase, symptoms diminish but persist

What are the symptom domains

positive, negative and cognitive

What is the positive symptom domain

Psychotic, hallucinations and delusions ( can be mixed and can impact/ react to treatment differently) 

What is the negative symptom domain

ahedonia, flat affect, ( more debilitating)

What is the cognitive symptom domain

attention, memory, executive function

What is bipolar with psychosis

happens when a person experiences an episode of severe mania or depression along with psychotic symptoms and hallucinations

what is MDD with psychotic features

a distinct type of depressive illness in which mood disturbance is accompanied by either delusions, hallucinations, or both

what is dissociative identity disorder

multiple personality disorder. Someone diagnosed with DID may feel uncertain about their identity and who they are. They may feel the presence of other identities, each with their own names, voices, personal histories and mannerisms

What is Catatonia

motor abnormalities such as stupor, rigidity, Mutism and echolalia it can occur across various psychotic

What are the risk factors for disorders 

  Genetic + Environmental

What is the neruobiology of schizophrenia

enlarged ventricles, less tissue, reduced gray matter, disrupted connectivity in frontotemporal region 

What is default work mode

“us”, the person/ who we are

What is salience network

What is importatn / revilant in life ( ie: if they cant divide whats in their head & outside)

what are some treatment options

Medications + Psychosocial Interventions

what are some gender/ cultural difference

developing countires sometimes report better recovery rates. Male are more sturctural while female are stress related 

what disorders fall under Odd/ Eccentric

Paranoide personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, schizotypal personality disorder

What is paranoid personality disorder

pervasive distrust, grudges and suspiciousness of other

What are the genetics of paranoid personality disorder

a link to schizophrenia/ spectrum disorder. cultural influence and early learning experinces to shape mistrust 

What is the treatment for paranoid personality disorder

cognitive therapy ( often challenging due to mistrust) no medication evidence to see if it works

what is the DSM 5 requirements for paranoid personality disorder

4 or more symptoms

what is schizoid personality disorder

detachment from social relationships, seen as emotionally cold

what are the genetic factors of schizoid personality disorder

emotion processing deficit suggest. high prevalence when relatives have schizophrenia

what are the treatment for schizoid personality disorder

behavioral therapy, group therapy ( interpersonal exposure). not much medication options

what is the DSM 5 for schizoid personality disorder

must have 4 or more symptoms: Nearly always chooses solitary activities.

Minimal interest in sexual experiences with others.

Finds pleasure in a few activities.

Limited close friendships or relationships other than first-degree relatives

what is schizotypal personality disorder

social deficit and cognitive/ perceptual distortion. Magical thinking. excessive social anxiety linked to paranoid fears 

what are the genetic factors of schizotypal personality disorder

strong genetic overlap with schizophrenia, enviornmental stress

what is the treatment for schizotypal personality disorder

cognitive therapy, low does antipsychotic to reduce symptoms

what is the DSM 5 for schizotypal personality disorder

5 or more symptoms : Unusual perceptual experiences, including bodily illusions.

Odd thinking and speech, such as vague, circumstantial, metaphorical, overelaborate, or stereotyped.

Suspiciousness or paranoid ideation.

Inappropriate or constricted affect etc 

what disorder fall under dramatic/ erratic

histrionic persoanlity disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, and antisocial personailty disorder 

what is histrionic personality disorder 

pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking. Uncomfortable when not being the center of attention. rapid shifting and shallow emotions. “ im pulling the world to me”

what is the genetic factor of histrionic personality disorder

most found in women ( but men can also have it as well) links to early inconsistent porental attention, reinforcement of attention seeking behavior, possible link to somatic symptom disorder

what is the treatment of histrionic personality disorder

CBT, insight-oriented therapy ( explores denpendency needs)

what is the DSM 5 for histrionic personality disorder

has to meet at least 5 or more behaviors

what is narcissistic personality disorder

what is grandiosty , need for admiration, lack of empathy. overestimate abilites and achievement. lies are specific and overestimating. fragile self esteem despite overconfidence 

what are the genetic factors of narcissistic personality disorder

response to cold and rejecting parenting ( psychodynamic). overvaluation by parents ( cognitive)

what is the treatment for narcissistic personality disorder

rarely go to treatment, if ever. CBT

what is the DSM 5 for narcissistic personality disorder

must have 5 or more. lacks empathy. envious of others or believes other are envious of them

what is borderline personality disorder

instability in relationship, self image and affect. chronic feeling of empty, implusivity and fear of abandonment 

what is the genetic factor of borderline personality disorder

starts in early adult ( might improve with age), strong competent of impulsivity, instability. Can have history of abuse. Poor frontal lobe or overactive amygdala

what is the treatment for borderline personality disorder

DBT, focus on emotion regulation, distress tolerance, interpersonal effectiveness. Meds might help mood 

what is the DSM 5 for borderline personality disorder

must have 5 or more. Impulsivity in 2 or more self damaging areas ( ie: sex, substance use)

What is Antisocial personality disorder 

disregarded for harming & violation of others rights. often involved with criminal activity 

what is the genetic factor of Antisocial personality disorder

low arousal, fearless, genetic predisposition to impulses

what is the the DSM 5 or Antisocial personality disorder

must have 3 or more

what is the treatment of Antisocial personality disorder 

rarely sought after unless court mandated. limited evidence of effectiveness

what disorder fall under anxious/ fearful

avoidant personality disorder, dependent personality disorder, obessive ocompulsive personality disorder

what is avoidant personality disorder

social inhibition, feeling of inadequacy, hypersensitvity to critisim. avoids/ dependent of other. fear of rejection. wants close relationship but avoids the them

what is the genetic factor of avoidant personality disorder

early experiance of criticism or exclusion. temperament in childhood

what is the treatment for avoidant personality disorder

CBT, social skill training and group therapy

what is the DSM 5 for avoidant personality disorder

must have 3 or more Avoidance of any involvement with other people unless certain they will be liked 

what is dependent personality disorder

excessive need to be taken care of, great lengths for support, submissive/ cling behavior

what are the genetic factor of dependent personality disorder

overprotective authoritarian parenting, cognitive belief of helplessness. possible linked to anxiety

what is the treatment of dependent personality disorder

increasing autonomy and assertiveness training , CBT,

what is the DSM 5 for dependent personality disorder

need multiple & Difficulty making daily decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others

what is Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder ( OCPD)

preoccupantion and orderliness, perfectionsim and control. inflexible and overly devoted to work

what are the genetic factors for OCPD

traits may emerge from high parental expectation, serotion dysfunction, cogntive emphasize control 

what is the treatment for OCPD

CBT, SSRIs,

what is the DSM 5 for OCPD

need 2 or more

what is downward thrift theory

no racial etc people without resources/ without safety nets will cause a shift in society

what are neurodevelopmental disorder ( ie: autism, ADHD)

a group of conditions that arise during the early developmental period (typically before school age) due to disruptions in brain development and function. These conditions lead to lasting difficulties that can affect personal, social, academic, and occupational functioning across a person's lifespan

what is the onset of neruodevelopmental disorder

Symptoms typically become apparent in infancy or early childhood.

what is Major vs mild

complex attention, language, learning ability, motor and social

what are the common cuases for major vs mild

Alzheimer's, TBI, substance use, vascular

what is major 

significant decline that will effect everyday life 

what is mild 

modest decline but wait to effect the day to day