Transcription and Translation
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9 Terms
Transcription
The first step of gene expression where RNA polymerase reads a DNA template (3' to 5') to synthesize a complementary, antiparallel mRNA strand (5' to 3').
Initiation in transcription
RNA polymerase binds to promotor sequences
Elongation in transcription
RNA polymerase builds mRNA molecule
Termination in Transcription
RNA polymerase binds to the terminator sequence, releasing the RNA transcript
What must happen before the mRNA leaves the nucleus?
splicing (post-trnascriptional modifications) must occur before the mRNA leaves the nucleus. Splicing removes intron sequences, keep exons, and adds a 5’ methyl-G cap along with a 3’ poly-A tail
Translation
the second step of gene expression in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or rough ER synthesizes proteins by decoding mRNA sequences into polypeptide chains
Initiation in translation
small and large subunits of ribosomes assembles around mRNA, and the initiator tRNA binds to the start codon (AUG, UGA)
Elongation in translation
ribosomes move along mRNA, adding amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain
Termination in translation
the ribosome releases a completed polypeptide chain upon encountering a stop codon (UGA)
