cpe100-child adolescent

What age range defines a preschooler?

3

What physical changes occur around age 3?

Shift from baby

What is gross motor development?

Skills involving large muscles.

What are the three categories of gross motor skills?

Locomotor, Non-Locomotor. and Motivational skills

What are locomotor skills?

Movements that transport the body (e.g., walking, running, jumping).

What are non

locomotor skills?

What are manipulative skills?

Handling objects (e.g., throwing, catching, kicking).

What is fine motor development?

Using small muscles of arms, hands, and fingers purposefully.

What are the stages of artistic development by Lowenfeld?

Scribbling, Preschematic, Schematic.

What happens in the Scribbling Stage?

Large zigzag or circular markings with little representation.

What happens in the Preschematic Stage?

Early recognizable drawings begin to appear.

What happens in the Schematic Stage?

More elaborate drawings of experiences and exposure.

What cognitive stage are preschoolers in according to Piaget?

Preoperational stage.

What are the two substages of the preoperational stage?

Symbolic substage, Intuitive substage.

What is the symbolic substage?

Ability to mentally represent objects not present.

What is the intuitive substage?

Primitive reasoning; frequent questioning.

What are limitations of preoperational thought?

Egocentrism and lack of conservation.

What is fast mapping?

Quickly learning a new word after hearing it once or twice.

How does preschool language develop?

Rapid vocabulary and grammar growth.

What is private speech (Vygotsky)?

Talking aloud to guide one's own behavior.

What is inner speech (Vygotsky)?

Silent, internalized speech for self

What is theory of mind?

Awareness that others have different thoughts and feelings.

What is Erikson's psychosocial stage for preschoolers?

Initiative vs. Guilt.

What is initiative (Erikson)?

Exploring and taking on new activities with confidence.

What is guilt (Erikson)?

Overcontrol or criticism discourages initiative.

What is judicious permissiveness?

Allowing safe exploration with clear boundaries.

What is self

concept?

What is self

esteem? :: A child's judgment of their worth or value.

What is gender typing?

Adoption of gender roles influenced by family, peers, teachers, and media.

What are Parten's six stages of play?

Unoccupied, Onlooker, Solitary, Parallel, Associative, Cooperative.

What is unoccupied play?

Child not actively playing, just observing surroundings.

What is onlooker play?

Child watches others play and may talk but does not join.

What is solitary play?

Playing alone without noticing other children nearby.

What is parallel play?

Playing side

What is associative play?

Interaction with others but no organized rules or roles.

What is cooperative play?

Organized play with rules, roles, and goals.

According to Baumrind, what two dimensions define parenting?

Responsiveness and Demandingness.

What are Baumrind's four parenting styles?

Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive, Neglectful.

What is authoritative parenting?

High responsiveness and high demandingness.

What is authoritarian parenting?

Low responsiveness, high demandingness.

What is permissive parenting?

High responsiveness, low demandingness.

What is neglectful parenting?

Low responsiveness and low demandingness.

What age range defines middle childhood (primary schooler)?

Grades 1

What improvements occur in motor development during middle childhood?

Better coordination, balance, agility, speed, and power.

What is coordination?

Organizing and timing movements to achieve a result.

What is static balance?

Maintaining equilibrium in a still position.

What is dynamic balance?

Maintaining stability while moving.

What is speed?

Ability to cover distance in the shortest possible time.

What is agility?

Ability to change or shift direction quickly.

What is power?

Maximum effort performed in the shortest time.

What cognitive stage are primary schoolers in according to Piaget?

Concrete operational stage.

What are the characteristics of concrete operational thought?

Conservation, Reversibility, Decentration, Classification, Seriation, Logical reasoning.

What is conservation?

Understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape.

What is reversibility?

Understanding that actions can be reversed.

What is decentration?

Considering multiple aspects of a situation beyond egocentrism.

What is classification?

Ability to sort objects into categories.

What is seriation?

Ability to order objects by size, length, or weight.

What is inductive logic?

Reasoning from specific experiences to general principles.

What is deductive logic?

Reasoning from general principles to predict specific outcomes.

How does language change in middle childhood?

Vocabulary expands; grammar becomes more complex.

What is Erikson's psychosocial stage for primary schoolers?

Industry vs. Inferiority.

What is industry (Erikson)?

Confidence and mastery through effort and success.

What is inferiority (Erikson)?

Repeated failure or lack of support leads to feelings of incompetence.

What are the nutritional needs of preschoolers?

Balanced nutrients for growth and health.

How many hours of sleep do preschoolers need?

10

What is the role of play in preschool?

Essential for physical, cognitive, and social growth.

Why is self

concept important?

Why is self

esteem important?

What factors influence gender typing?

Family, peers, teachers, and media.

What did Vygotsky emphasize in learning?

Social interaction and language are key for cognitive growth.