TRANSPORT in ANIMALS

FLASHCARDS

What is the circulatory system?

The circulatory system is a system of blood vessels with a pump and valves.

Why does the circulatory system contain valves?

The circulatory system needs valves to ensure one-way flow of blood.

True or False?

Fish have a single circulatory system. (Extended Tier Only)

True.

Fish have a single circulatory system.

What are the differences between single and double circulation? (Extended Tier Only)

Differences between single and double circulation include:

Single circulation

Double circulation

heart has 2 chambers

heart has 4 chambers (or sometimes 3)

blood passes through the heart once for every circuit of the body

blood passes through the heart twice for every circuit of the body

Why is it beneficial for mammals to have double circulation? (Extended Tier Only)

Mammals benefit from having double circulation because double circulation allows the heart to pump blood around the body at high pressure, so it supplies oxygen and glucose to the cells more quickly

What are the structures labelled A-D in the diagram?

Diagram of a human heart with four labels: A is the top right chamber, B is the lower right chamber, C is the structure that divides the left atrium and ventricle, and D is the muscle wall between the ventricles.

The structures are:

A = right atrium

B = right ventricle

C = one-way valve / atrioventricular valve / bicuspid valve

D = septum

Diagram of a human heart with four labels: A is the top right chamber, B is the lower right chamber, C is the structure that divides the left atrium and ventricle, and D is the muscle wall between the ventricles.

Describe the pathway of deoxygenated blood through the heart as it travels from the body to the lungs.

Deoxygenated blood from the body passes through the heart and to the lungs as follows:

blood enters the right atrium via the vena cava

it flows through a valve into the right ventricle

it is pumped into the pulmonary artery which takes it to the lungs

What role do valves play in the heart?

Valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood, ensuring that blood flows in only one direction through the heart chambers and vessels.

How does blood return to the heart from the lungs?

Oxygenated blood returns to the heart from the lungs via the pulmonary vein.

How is the cardiac muscle of the heart supplied with oxygenated blood?

The coronary arteries supply the cardiac muscle of the heart with oxygenated blood, ensuring it receives a constant supply of oxygen and glucose for aerobic respiration to release energy for muscle contraction.

True or False?

Deoxygenated blood enters the left side of the heart from the body.

False.

Deoxygenated blood enters the right side of the heart from the body, via the vena cava.

Which vein is the only vein in the body to carry oxygenated blood?

The pulmonary vein is the only vein to carry oxygenated blood, returning blood to the heart after gas exchange has taken place.

True or False?

Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

True.

Arteries carry blood away from the heart while veins carry blood into the heart.

How can the activity of the heart be monitored?

The activity of the heart can be monitored as follows:

ECG

measuring pulse rate, e.g. at the wrist