Multi Store model text

Displacement

is the process by which new information replaces old information in memory. (short term memories are replaced by more recent memories)

Distal stimulus

is the physical object or event in the environment that gives rise to sensory input, which is then processed by the brain.

Rehearsal loop

When short - term memory is repeated and rehearsed , moving the memory in to long term

Primacy effect

is a cognitive phenomenon where individuals are more likely to remember the first items in a list better than those in the middle.

Recency effect

is a cognitive phenomenon where individuals are more likely to remember the last items in a list better than those in the middle.

Level of processing

The depth at which information is thought about and processed.

Ischemic stroke

Caused by a blood clot blocking blood flow to the brain

Case study

An in-depth analysis of a person, group, or event to understand a specific issue. (Longitudinal)

Miller

proposed the concept of "the magical number seven, plus or minus two," which suggests that the average number of items an individual can hold in working memory is between five and nine.

Milner

Preformed the longitudinal study of the patient HM (Removal of hippocampus and temporary lope resulting in anterograde amnesia, demonstrating the role of the hippocampus in memory formation.

Anterograde Amnesia

A type of amnesia that affects the ability to form new memories after the onset of the condition, often associated with damage to the hippocampus.

Lashley’s theory of equipotentiality

suggesting that memory functions are not localized to specific areas but rather distributed throughout the brain. Icepick and mouse study

Glanzer and Cunitz

Primacy and Recency effect, being able to recall the first and most recent information

What is semantic memory

Factual knowledge

Where is semantic memory located

Hippocampus

Hippocampus

The hippocampus plays a crucial role in information from short-term to long-term memory.

What is procedural memory?

Memory of how to do something

Where is procedural memory located?

Cerebrum

What is the Cerebrum?

The largest part of the brain, responsible for higher brain functions such as thought, action, and sensory processing.

What are emotional memories?

Memories of emotion during an event, not the event it’s self

Where are emotional memories located?

Amygdala

What is the amygdala?

A part of the brain responsible for emotions

What are episodic (autobiographical) memory

Autobiographical memories → events, emotions, and knowledge related to one's own life

Where are episodic (autobiographical) memories located?

Hippocampus

What is a habit

Consent repetition of a action

Where are habits located

Basal ganglia

What is the basal ganglia

A part of the brain associated with voluntary motor control, procedural learning, and habits.

Strengths of MSM

its clear distinction between different types of memory stores → its ability to explain how information is transferred from short-term to long-term memory → Lots of research has been down in highly controlled environments → Biological evidence

Limitations to the MSM

oversimplification of memory processes → doesn’t expain the role of emotions → false memories (memory distortion) → confabulation (taking two unclear memories and combining them)