Philosophers and Monarchs in History

These flashcards cover key philosophers and monarchs that influenced Western political thought and history.

Hobbes

Believed a strong government is needed to control wicked, evil humans.

Locke

Argued that people are the source of power and the government must protect natural rights.

Montesquieu

Focused on the idea that power should be a check to power.

Voltaire

Advocated for freedom of speech, religious tolerance, and separation of church and state.

Rousseau

Believed the government is an agreement between the ruler and the people.

Wollstonecraft

Advocated for women's education.

Phillip II

Acquired great wealth from New World colonies and maintained power through the Catholic Inquisition.

Henry VIII

Broke with the Catholic Church to obtain a divorce; his daughter Elizabeth developed the Anglican Church.

Louis XIV

Known as the Sun King and built the Palace of Versailles.

Peter the Great

Responsibly known for 'westernizing' Russia.

James I

An English monarch nearly killed in the Gunpowder Plot, named an American colony after himself.

Charles I

English monarch who dissolved Parliament and was eventually executed.

Oliver Cromwell

Led the Puritan army that defeated the Cavaliers during the English Civil War.

Charles II

English monarch who was exiled to France and later restored the monarchy.

James II

English monarch who was overthrown during the Glorious Revolution.

William and Mary

Monarchs who began the Constitutional Monarchy in England.