Tagalog crucial Particles

Ang/Ang mga (plural)

Topic marker for common nouns

Ng/nang

Object/possessive marker, not main focus noun. Marks the noun in the sentence that isnt the main topic of the sentence (teachers house). Ang marks the target, ng marks the object

Sa/nasa

Location/direction marker

First is general loaction/ second fixed or current or very specific one

Ba

Question marker

Pa-something added or continues

Maroon pa

Meron pa

pang- → general form

pam- before b or p

pan- before d, l, r, s, or t

Still/more/yet/else

Verb+pa=still

Maroon pa-still have

Meron pa-still have

Pang, pam, pan-used for or for the purpose of

Naman (used in conversation response

Talaga (used as statement of fact for emphasis)

Contrast/emphasis marker adds emphasis like its cold (its very cold) or express amazement

Lang/Lamang

Only/Just/merely/unless

Used to express limitations

Na+lang-only do A

Mag with lang- do a instead of b

Puwera na lang kung-unless

Lang pala- add to sentence for surprised response

Lang ba-changes a lang statement into question.

Kaya lang-a but I wanna do b

Din/Rin

Also/Too

Po

Politeness marker

Si

Like ang and ng but for names as well

Na (expressing time or action at definitive time)

It’s with, now, already, finally, unlike before, instead of, even tho

Pala

By the way, adding information not known before

Pero

But

Nga-nah

Emphasis or exaggeration - think i’m emphasizing this or encouraging or agreeing

Kasi/dahil

Becaus