U.S. History-World War 1 Review

Who was the King of the United Kingdom during the war?

King George V

Who was the leader of the American Expeditionary Force?

John Pershing

Who sought peace with Germany and then signs the treaty of Brest-Litovsk? He also was the leader of the Bolsheviks.

Vladmir Lenin

Who was the Archduke of Austria-Hungary?

Franz Ferdinand

Who was the emperor of Russia during the war?

Tsar Nicolas II

Who was the President of the United States during the war?

Woodrow Wilson

Who were the communists who stage a revolution and establish a new Russian government?

Bolsheviks

Who was the famous French military leader in WW1?

Henri-Philippe Petain

Who was the emperor of Austria-Hungary during the war?

Franz Joseph

Who was the emperor of Germany during the war? He abdicated at the end of the war.

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

Gavrilo Princip

What was the group that organized the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand called?

The Black Hand

This is when a nation attempts to prove or assert dominance and power over other nations based on nationhood or ethnicity. Also, this is a strong sense of loyalty among those of a nation or people group.

Nationalism

This is the buildup of armies and Navy to either maintain the balance of power between nations or develop and advantage of others

militarism

This is when a country increases their power in wealth by bringing additional territories under their control.

Imperialism

This was a secret telegram sent from German government to Mexican government. He proposed alliances between Mexico and Germany. Germany would help Mexico recapture lands lost to US during Mexican American war

Zimmerman note

What was attacking ships without warning called? Germany used this.

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

This is when a country or army prepares their troops for battle

Mobilization

These were specific proposals for post for peace in Europe from President Wilson.

The Fourteen points

This is a negotiation to stop fighting each other. It is not necessarily the end of the war, but it is a predecessor to a peace agreement

armistice

This was Germany's plan to defeat France quickly first, and then turn all of its forces to Russia. It depended on speed and surprise.

The Schlieffen plan

This made the access to products and services limited so that those supplies could be used for military

Rationing

This was a peace treaty between the European Countries

Treaty of Versailles

This is when a country does not support one side or the other.

Neutrality

This was a campaign to steal Dardanelles strait from the Ottoman Empire

Gallipoli

This caused static battles

Trench warfare

These were loans made to US government in order to pay for supplies and material for war

Liberty bonds

This was Germany's pledge to stop the unrestricted submarine warfare

Sussex pledge

This required males between 21-30 to register for draft into military

Selective Service Act

This was an organization that would attempt to resolve international disputes

The league of nations

This is a tactic to cut off a countries goods or access to other countries of the sea.

blockade

This was humiliating for Russia and allowed Germany to move troops to Western front

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

This battle saved Paris and changed the course of the war.

The first battle of the marne

This battle was when German generals Hindenburg and Ludendorff destroyed the Russian second army

Tannenburg

This battle caused Germany to start unrestricted submarine warfare

Jutland

This battle became the symbol of World War I's senseless brutality. It was an attack by Germany on France.

Verdun

This battle relieved pressure on Verdun and there were 1 million total casualties

Somme

These were agreements made between countries where the countries promised to protect each other when attacked

Defensive alliances

What side was Serbia on?

Allied powers

What side was the ottoman empire on?

Central Powers

What side was Belgium on?

neutral

What side was Germany on?

Central Powers

What side was Italy on?

Allied Powers but when the war began, it declared neutrality

What side was Russia on?

Allied Powers

What side was France on?

Allied Powers

This was a new nation created after the war

Poland

What side was Great Britain on?

Allied Powers

What side was Austria-Hungary on?

Central Powers

Describe a mutual defense alliance

An agreement made between countries where the countries promised to protect each other when attacked. It does not necessarily mean that a country's alliances are obliged to help them on the offensive side.

Why were mutual defense alliances good?

Smaller countries could have an alliance with a bigger country and stand a chance against a large country. Also, it could be easier for a country to win a war.

Why were mutual defense alliances bad?

Alliance is basically required allied countries to defend each other, which pulls more and more countries into the war

List four of the mutual defense alliances in 1914

1. Russia and Serbia. 2. France and Russia. 3. Germany and Austria-Hungary. 4. Great Britain, France, and Belgium

Why would Germany be concerned about the alliances opposing it?

Because France and Russia were allies, and they are on either side of Germany. They can attack from both sides with a lot of men, and Germany will have to split its army, resulting in less people fighting off France and Russia.

What was the immediate cause of World War I and why did this event start a larger conflict in Europe?

The assassination of archduke Franz Ferdinand. This started a larger conflict in Europe because Austria-Hungary declared war and Serbia, and Russia stepped in to help Serbia. Germany then declared war on Russia. Little by little, all of the countries became involves in the war because of mutual defense alliances.

Why did Serbia belief they were connected to Russia?

They were both slavs. Serbia was like Russia's little brother.

Describe the domino effect

1. Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia. 2. Russia mobilize to defend Serbia. 3. Germany declares war on Russia. 4. Germany declares war on France. 5. Germany asks Belgium for permission to cross their border into France. 6, Belgium refuses in the clear it will maintain its neutrality. 7. Germany violates Belgium neutrality anyway, dismissing Britain's treaty as just a scrap of paper. 8. Great Britain had guaranteed Belgium neutrality by treaty since 1839. 9. Great Britain declares war on Germany.

what was the schlieffen plan and why did it fail?

Germany's plan to defeat France quickly first, and then turn all of its forces to Russia. It depended on speed and surprise it fails because Russia mobilized faster than expected and attacked Germany, causing Germany to have to split their troops, which revealed a gap in their lines.

Give two results of the first battle of the marne

1. Germany reatreated and began digging trenches 2. Paris was saved.

What was the overall results of the German victories on the eastern front?

It took some pressure off the french because Germany was more focused on Russia in the eastern front. Germany was fighting a two front war and they had to help Austria-Hungary because they were poor fighters.

Why did the Germans decide to challenge the British fleet at the battle of Jutland?

Because the British fleet was blocking supplies and food from getting to Germany, which slowly strangled German economy

Give two results of the battle of Jutland

1, Germany surface Fleetwood never challenge Britain again 2. Germany's U-boats became Germany's main naval source and they started unrestricted naval warfare.

What was the purpose of the German attack at Verdun?

Verdun was a place of pride for France, and the Germans wanted to bleed the French white

Why did the British attack the Germans at the Somme?

To try to relieve pressure from the French at Verdun?

How would you describe the campaigns at Verdun and Somme?

The bloodiest battles in World War I. They barely had any objectives other than killing.

What was the name of the proposition from the German government to Mexico and what did it contain?

The Zimmerman note. It contains a proposition for Germany to be in an alliance with Mexico. Germany said they would help Mexico gain back lands lost to America.

What three areas contributed to the US declaring war on Germany in April 1917

1. Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare. 2. More common bonds with the allies. 3. Zimmerman note.

List three ways the US prepared for war

1. Selective service act 1917 2. Liberty bonds. 3. Rationing.

Give two reasons why the treaty of brest-litovsk was important?

1. Knocked Russia out of the war. 2. Allowed Germany to turn all of its forces towards France and Britain on the west side.

Give 3 reasons why the Germans prepared and all out attack on France in 1918

1. They believed that France and Britain were at their breaking point.

2. The American troops were not quite ready

3. Germany’s homefront was close to collapsing

2. Germany is homefront was about to collapse because of the blockade and lack of supplies, so they needed to break Britain and France.

3. The American soldiers were not quite ready.

What were the conditions like in Germany in late 1918?

1. Shortage of supplies, starvation was an issue. 2. Shortage of military age men. 3. Could no longer sustain the army.

Why were Britain and France in difficult financial situations?

They had borrowed a lot of money from the US and had to pay the US back; they were in debt with the US

30 million people died of the 1918 influence epidemic. What were two significant results in the US?

1. Labor force declines. 2. US begins to isolate.

What was Wilson's plan for post war peace called

The Fourteen points

What were the first six of the Fourteen points?

1. Open diplomacy without secret treaties 2. Economic free trade on the seas during war and peace 3. Equal Trade conditions 4. Decrease armaments among all nations 5. Adjust colonial claims 6. Evacuation of all central powers from Russia and allow it to define its own independence

What were the next 7 of the Fourteen points?

7. Belgium to be evacuated and restored 8. Return of Alsace-Lorraine region and all french territories. 9. readjust Italian borders. 10. Austria, Hungary to be provided an opportunity for self-determination. 11. redraw the border of the balcony region, creating Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro. 12. Creation of a Turkish state with guaranteed free trade in the Dardanelles 13. Creation of an independent polish state

What was the most important point of the 14 points?

The creation of the league of nations

What was something unusual about the participants at the treaty of Versailles?

None of the central powers or Russia had representatives there

What were two goals of the treaty relative to Germany?

1. Punitive financial reparations from Germany. 2. Take away some of Germany's territories/land.

What was strange about the US and the league of Nations?

Wilson had a stroke while the treaty of Versailles was being debated, so the US Senate never ratified the treaty. so, even though Wilson thought of the league, the US did not participate in it. Instead, the US made a separate peace treaty with the central powers.

What were the four general causes of World War I?

1. Mutual defense alliances. 2. Imperialism. 3. Militarism 4. Nationalism.

What was the immediate cause of World War I?

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand