APUSH 1 + 2 cards

Bering Land Bridge

A land connection between Asia and North America that existed during the last Ice Age, allowing humans and animals to migrate to North America.

Clovis People

Prehistoric Native American culture known for their distinctive spear points and hunting practices, believed to be the first immigrants to the Americas and migrated to North America via the Bering Land Bridge.

Anasazi

An ancient Native American culture located in the Southwestern United States, known for their unique cliff dwellings, advanced agriculture, and pottery. Developed Chaco Canyon.

Mound Builders

Ancient Native American cultures primarily located in the Mississippi River Valley, known for constructing large earthen mounds for ceremonial, burial, and residential purposes.

Cahokia

A significant city of the Mississippian culture, known for its large earth mounds and as a major center for trade and politics in pre-Columbian America.

Aztec

An ancient Native American civilization located in central Mexico, known for their impressive architecture, agricultural practices, and a complex social structure, including a vast empire and the capital city of Tenochtitlán.

Maya

An ancient Mesoamerican civilization known for its hieroglyphic script, sophisticated art, architecture, and advancements in mathematics and astronomy.

Inca

An ancient Native American civilization located in the Andes Mountains of South America, renowned for their advanced engineering, agricultural techniques, and the capital city of Cusco.

Black Death

A devastating pandemic that swept through Europe and Asia in the 14th century, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, leading to the deaths of millions and significant social and economic changes.

Reconquista

Long struggle when Spanish Christians reconquered Iberian Peninsula in the 14th century.

Kelp Highway

Provided wide food sources down the Pacific coast

Christopher Columbus

Spanish conquistador who claims to have discovered Asia, despite landing in the Bahamas.

Treaty of Tordesillas

Treaty that separated the claims between Spain and Portugal in the views of the Americas.

Silk Road

Over land trading route established by Venetian trader Marco Polo.

Columbian Exchange

Transatlantic exchange of plants, animals, and diseases that occurred after first European contact.

New Spain

Spain’s first empire in the Americas

Encomienda

The grant of a certain number of American Indian subjects that would pay tribute to settlers in goods and labor. Slave system used by Spanish settlers.

Conquistadores

Spanish colonizers from Mexico and Peru

Ninety-five Theses

Document with 95 debating points/views on the reforms of the Catholic Church, written by Martin Luther.

Protestant Reformation

Process of citizens rebelling against Catholicism.

Nation-State

A development in Europe where nations became major political organizations, replacing smaller kingdoms and city-states.

Treaty of Westphalia

Peace treaty signed in Munster which ended the 30 years’ war in the ancient Roman Empire and the 80 years’ war between the Spanish and Dutch Republic.

Anglicans

Majority group of protestants who wanted to establish church under English monarchy.

Puritans

Minority individuals who wanted the purification and no further alteration to the English church.