PSYC 363 Lecture 5 -- Aggression

ACTIVE AGGRESSION

Physical and tangible aggression that can be direct or indirect.

DIRECT ACTIVE AGGRESSION

Includes physical acts like hitting and punching, and verbal acts like insulting and using racial slurs.

INDIRECT ACTIVE AGGRESSION

Includes gossiping, mean practical jokes, and spreading rumors or blackmailing.

PASSIVE AGGRESSION

More subtle forms of aggression, such as making micro-aggressive comments without physically hurting someone.

DIRECT PASSIVE AGGRESSION

Includes refusing to speak, refusing to listen, or obstructing people's passage.

INDIRECT PASSIVE AGGRESSION

Includes refusing to do something necessary or refusing to cooperate.

HOSTILE AGGRESSION

Aggression that responds to situations that provoke anger, with the goal of making the victim suffer.

CONTROLLED INSTRUMENTAL AGGRESSION

Purposeful and goal-oriented aggression that begins with competition or desire, with no intent to harm.

AGGRESSION

Behavior attempted to hurt someone physically or psychologically, or destroy something.

VIOLENCE

Physical aggression that is an action meant to harm people.

FRUSTRATION AGGRESSION HYPOTHESIS

The theory that being blocked from a goal leads to anger and aggressive behavior.

COGNITIVE NEOASSOCIATION MODEL

The model that suggests bad events lead to negative effects, which in turn lead to aggressive behavior.

EXCITATION TRANSFER THEORY

The theory that physiological arousal lessens over time and can transfer from one situation to another.

DISPLACED AGGRESSION THEORY

Aggression directed at a target as a replacement for the individual who is the real source of provocation.

RUMINATION

The process of continuously thinking about anger, which can lead to displaced aggression.

SOCIAL LEARNING FACTORS IN AGGRESSION

Factors that influence aggression and violence through modeling behavior.

BANDURA'S BOBO DOLL EXPERIMENT

An experiment demonstrating that people act like what they see.

FAMILY MEMBERS AS MODELS

Family members serve as models for aggressive behavior when individuals are young.

SUBCULTURE AS MODELS

Peers, age groups, and friends serve as models for aggressive behavior, especially during adolescence.

Observational modeling

Individuals differ widely in their ability to learn from observation, influenced by motivation to rehearse and copy what has been observed.

Periodic reinforcement

Essential to maintain behavior in observational learning.

Cognitive scripts model

Aggressive behavior is memorized like a 'script' through daily experiences.

Resistance to change

Cognitive scripts are resistant to change.

Hostile attribution model

Youth and adults prone to violence are more likely to see ambiguous actions as hostile.

Continuum of hostility

There is a difference between interpreting a stare as wanting to fight and interpreting it as a threat.

Aggressive learning behavior

Often receives immediate reinforcement for the aggressor because it is easy.

Arousal and aggression

Person's ability to control outward expression of anger is affected by high arousal.

General aggression model

Aggression and violence depend on perception of the social environment and expectations about outcomes.

I3 Theory

This is the process by which one given factor causes aggression, with multiple risk factors interrelating.

Reactive aggression

Reacting to something but not acting yet, includes anger expressions and temper tantrums.

Proactive aggression

Reacting and acting against another person, includes bullying and coercion.

Gender differences in aggression

Differences are due to cultural and socialization processes, emerging in preschool years.

Relational aggression

Girls often exhibit relational forms of aggression like gossiping and exclusion.

Physical aggression

Boys often exhibit physical aggression.

Media effects on aggression

Research suggests that watching violence has a significant effect on the frequency and type of aggressive behavior in young people.

Copycat crime

Tendency in some people to copy what they see in the news or entertainment.

Contagion effect

People take inspiration from and learn from great figures, whether good or evil.

Social learning

We are what we see and we affect to what extent we become that thing.