Temperate Evergreen Forests, Temperate Shrublands

Temperate Evergreen Forest - What

Forests dominated by coniferous or evergreen trees

Temperate Evergreen Forest - What Explanation

Retain leaves year round, miscellaneous group

Temperate Evergreen Forest - Where

Mid-latitude costal or mountain regions

Temperate Evergreen Forest - Where Information

Mild winters, high moisture, wet and cool winters, warm and dry summers, fire shapes composition, soils vary.

Temperate Evergreen Forest - Soils vary

Nutrient rich, or sandy and nutrient poor

Temperate Evergreen Forest - Groups

Temperate Rainforest, Douglas Fir Forest, Ponderosa Pine Forest, Southern Pine Forest

Temperate Rainforests - Where

Alaska, British Columbia, Pacific Northwest, North California, Chile, New Zealand, Scotland, Japan

Temperate Rainforests - Notes

Extremely high productivity, over 80 in of rainfall/year, cool stable temperature.

Temperate Rainforest - Climate

Very wet, over 80 in of rain a year. Stable climate, little fluctuation, frequent fog adds extra moisture.

Temperate Rainforest - Soil

Rich in organic matter, often acidic

Temperate Rainforest - Plants have…

Constant moisture and nurse logs (fallen logs)

Temperate Rainforest - Dominant Vegetation

Giant conifers, goggles fir, red cedar. Dense understory of moss, fern, shrub.

Temperate Rainforest - Mammals

Black bear, elk, deer, river otter, beaver, mountain lion

Temperature Rainforest - Birds

Eagles, woodpeckers, owls, thrush

Temperate Rainforest - Amphibians

Pacific giant salamander, frogs

Temperate Rainforest - Invertebrates

Banana slug, millipedes

Douglas Fir Forest - Where

Pacific Coast, British Columbia, California, Rocky Mountains

Douglas Fir Forest - Climate

Moderate rainfall (less than Temperate rainforest), wet winters, dry summers

Douglas Fir Forest - Soil

Volcanic or glacial, well draining, moderate acidity

Douglas Fir Forest - Dominant Plants

Douglas fir, western hemlock, redwood, giant sequoia

Douglas Fir Forest - Understory

Ferns, Oregon grape, huckleberry

Douglas Fir Forest - Mammals

Black-tail deer, mountain lion, bobcat

Douglas Fir Forest - Birds

Steller’s Jay, Northern Spotted Owl, Woodpecker

Douglas Fir Forest - Amphibian

Pacific tree frog

Douglas Fir Forest - Insects

Bees

Douglas Fir Tree - ___ is the key disturbance

Fire

Ponderosa Pine Forest - Where

Interior Western US: Rockies, black hills, Sierra Nevada, Wyoming

Ponderosa Pine Forest - Climate

Cold winters, hot dry summers, 12-30 in precipitation yearly (mostly snow)

Ponderosa Pine Forest - Soil

Well draining, sandy or rocky, low nutrients

Ponderosa Pine Forest - Trees

Ponderosa pine, Douglas fir, Juniper

Ponderosa Pine Forest - Understory

Much smaller; grasses and sagebrush

Ponderosa Pine Forest - Mammals

Mule deer, elk, squirrels, coyote

Ponderosa Pine Forest - Birds

Bluebird, woodpecker

Ponderosa Pine Forest - Reptiles/Amphibians

Fence lizard

Ponderosa Pine Forest - Inverts

Ants, grasshopers

Ponderosa Pine Forest - Frequent ___ excludes deciduous trees

Fire

Southern Pine Forest - Where

New Jersey, Florida, Texas, Mexico

Southern Pine Forest - Climate:

Warm and humid, 40-60 in rain.year, frequent lightning and natural fire

Southern Pine Forest - Soil

Acidic, sandy, nutrient poor

Southern Pine Forest - Disclinmax

Fire-maintained

Southern Pine Forest - ____% of historical longleaf pine ecosystem exists still.

<5%

Southern Pine Forest - Plants

Longleaf pine, loblolly pine

Southern Pine Forest - Understory

Wire grass, palmetto, pitcher plants

Southern Pine Forest - Mammals

White-tail deer, gray fox, armadillo

Southern Pine Forest - Birds