Introduction to Year 8 Physics — Full Notes 1. What is Physics? Physics is the study of matter, energy, motion, and forces. It explains how and why

What is physics?

The study of matter, energy, motion, and forces.

What does physics explain?

How and why things move, why objects fall, and how energy works.

What unit is force measured in?

Newtons (N).

What is the formula for force?

F = m × a (Force = Mass × Acceleration).

What type of force pulls objects toward Earth?

Gravity.

What type of force resists motion?

Friction.

What does Newton's First Law state?

Objects stay still or keep moving unless acted on by a force.

In Newton's Second Law, what does 'F' stand for?

Force.

What is the relationship in Newton's Second Law?

The more mass an object has, the more force needed to move it.

What is the formula for weight?

W = m × g.

What is kinetic energy?

Energy of motion.

What is potential energy?

Stored energy.

What does the Law of Conservation of Energy state?

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

What is heat energy?

The movement of particles due to temperature differences.

What are the three main ways heat moves?

Conduction, Convection, Radiation.

What is the mnemonic for types of energy?

Kids Play Hard So Laugh (Kinetic, Potential, Heat, Sound, Light).

How does light travel?

In straight lines.

What are the properties of sound?

Pitch and Volume.

What is Ohm's Law?

V = I × R (Voltage = Current × Resistance).

What is magnetism dependent on?

North and South poles of magnets.

What type of waves transfer energy without moving matter?

Waves.

What are simple machines used for?

To make work easier by changing the direction or size of force.

What is an example of a lever?

A seesaw or a crowbar.

What forces are present when using a pulley?

Changes the direction of a force to lift an object.

What happens in a closed circuit?

The circuit works and allows current to flow.

What happens in an open circuit?

The circuit stops the flow of current.

What happens to gravity on the Moon?

It is weaker, leading to lower weight.

What is an example of energy transformation when dropping a ball?

Potential energy transforms into kinetic energy.

What is the effect of temperature on heat energy?

Heat moves from hot to cold.

What does the visible spectrum represent?

The range of light visible to the human eye: ROYGBIV (Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet).

What is the speed of light compared to sound?

Light is faster than sound.

What do vibrations in sound affect?

They determine the pitch and volume.

What are the two types of mechanical waves?

Transverse and Longitudinal.

What are examples of simple machines?

Lever, Pulley, Inclined plane.