Unit 6 Cell Energy: Cellular Respiration

Anaerobic

Process that does not require oxygen

Aerobic

Process that requires oxygen

Mitochondria

organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production

ATP

main energy source that cells use for most of their work

Cellular Respiration

Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

Glucose

A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.

Pyruvate (pyruvic acid)

a three-carbon molecule formed from glucose in anaerobic glycolysis

Fermentation

Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen

Glycolysis

first step in releasing the energy of glucose, in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

Completes the breakdown of glucose by oxidizing a derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide.

Electron Transport Chain

a series of proteins in which the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle are used to convert ADP into ATP

Lactic Acid Fermentation

A series of anaerobic chemical reactions using pyruvic acid that supplies energy when oxygen is scarce; occurs in muscle cells

Alcoholic Fermentation

the anaerobic process by which yeasts and other microorganisms break down sugars to form carbon dioxide and ethanol