acids and bases (all)

What is empirical knowledge

Knowledge gained through observation

What is theoretical knowledge

Knowledge that explains and describes scientific observation

When red litmus stays red and blue litmus stays blue what type of solution is it

Neutral molecular or neutral ionic if it's conductive

When red litmus stays red and blue litmus turns red. What type of solution is it

Acidic

When red litmus turns blue and blue litmus stays blue. What type of solution is it

Basic

Neutral molecular substances do what

Dissolve

Neutral ionic compounds do what

Dissociate

When acids ionize what ion do they produce

Hydrogen, H+

When base is disassociate what ion do they produce

Hydroxide ion, OH- (aq)

Compounds ending in -ide (like hydrogen chloride) will have what acid naming structure

Hydro-ic acid (hydrochloric acid)

Compounds ending in -ate (like hydrogen phosphate) will have what acid naming structure

-ic acid (phosphoric acid)

Compounds ending in -its (like hydrogen phosphite) will have what acid naming structure

-ous acid (phosphorous acid)

Why can water act as both an acid or a base

Auto or self ionization

When you dilute an acidic solution, what happens to the concentration of hydronium ions as well as the pH level

Decreases the concentration of hydronium ions and increases the pH level making the solution less acidic

When diluting a basic solution, what happens to the concentration of hydr level

Decreases the concentration of hydroxide, ions and decreases the pH making the solution less basic

When acids react with water, what ion do they produce

Hydronium ions, H3O+ (aq)

What is the neutralization equation

H30+(aq) + OH- (aq) = 2(H2O) (L)

How much do strong acids ionize

Nearly 100% ionization and water

How much do weak acids ionize

Ionize less than 50% in water

How much do strong bases disassociate

100% disassociate in water

How much do weak bases disassociate in water

React less than 50% with water

What is the key idea used to explain the difference between strong acids and weak acids?

The percent of ionization. Strong acids will ionize 100% in water whereas weak acids will only ionize less than 50%

What is the key idea used to explain the difference between strong bases and weak bases?

Is the percent of dissociatio/reaction with water. Strong bases will dissociate 100% in water whereas weak bases will react partially with water (less than 50%)

How can you tell weak acids from strong acids and weak bases from strong bases

Acid and base chart in data booklet

Week ionic compound bases that disassociate in water produce what

Polyatomic ions that can accept hydrogen ions

What are amphoteric substances

Substances that can act as an acid in one reaction and as a base in a different reaction such as water

What is a monoprotic acid

Acids that have only one hydrogen atom per molecule ex: HCl

What is a polyprotic acid

Acids that have two or more hydrogen atoms per molecule ex:H2(SO4)

What is a diprodic acid

Acids that have two hydrogen atoms

What is a tripodic acid

Acids that have three hydrogen atoms

What is a monoprotic base

Bases that either disassociate in water or react with water one time to produce only one hydroxide ion (OH-) per molecule

What is a polyprotic base

Bases that either dissociate in water or react with water two or more times producing two or more hydroxide ions (OH-)per molecule

What is a diprotic base

A base that can react with water two times, accepting two hydrogen ions, and producing two hydroxide ions (OH-)