Language and Literacy: An Integrated System Flashcards

These vocabulary flashcards cover the integrated language system, components of language, types of language disorders, and various teaching/assessment strategies based on the lecture notes.

Language core

The interconnected center of language forms (spoken, reading, and writing) where skills learned in one area facilitate learning in the others.

Primary language system

The child’s first language, typically oral language, including the listening and speaking systems.

Secondary language system

A student’s second language, which includes the reading and writing systems based on symbols of symbols.

Receptive skills

Input skills, specifically listening and reading, that feed information into the central nervous system.

Expressive skills

Output skills, specifically speaking and writing, where ideas originate in the brain and are sent outward.

intake before outgo principle

The requirement of abundant quantities of input experience and information before output skills can be effectively executed.

Phonology

The linguistic system of speech sounds in a particular language.

Phoneme

The smallest sound unit of a language system.

Phonics

The application of phonetics to teaching reading where the sound ($phoneme$) of a language is related to its equivalent written symbol ($grapheme$).

Morphology

The linguistic system of meaning units in a particular language.

Morpheme

The smallest meaning unit of a language system.

Syntax

The grammar system of a language, defining the linguistic rules of word order and the function of words in a sentence.

Semantics

A linguistic term referring to the vocabulary system or word meanings of a language.

Pragmatics

The social side of language involving the social context and social customs surrounding its use.

Speech disorders

Disorders specifically related to articulation, fluency, or voice.

Language disorders

A term referring to children with a language delay or language disabilities.

Otitis media

A middle-ear infection that may cause temporary hearing loss and impede language development.

National Reading Panel

A group that assessed research-based knowledge on reading and concluded that phonological awareness can be taught and is effective in kindergarten and first grade.

Phoneme segmentation

A phonological awareness task where a student identifies how many phonemes are in a word (e.g., how many in ship?).

Phoneme isolation

A task asking a child to identify a specific sound in a word, such as the first sound in paste.

Phoneme blending

A task where a student is given individual sounds and must identify the complete word.

Phoneme deletion

A task requiring a student to say a word without a specific sound, such as saying "smile" without the "s."

Temporal Acoustical Processing

The ability to process sounds of language rapidly enough to distinguish speech sounds and words.

Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN)

The ability to quickly and automatically name objects and pictures of objects.

Word finding

The ability to recall the correct words, which may be impacted by memory retrieval problems.

Acquired aphasia

A medical term for adults who lose the ability to speak due to brain damage from stroke, disease, or accident.

Developmental aphasia

A term describing a child with severe difficulty in acquiring oral language, implying a central nervous system dysfunction.

Receptive language disorders

Difficulty understanding oral language or listening, such as understanding single words but not full sentences.

Expressive language disorders

Difficulties in using language or speaking despite understanding speech and having no physical speaking barriers.

Dysnomia

A deficiency in remembering and expressing words, often leading to the substitution of words like "thing."

English as a second language (ESL) method

A method where students from diverse language backgrounds learn through controlled oral repetitions of selected patterns.

Bilingual instruction

A teaching approach using the student's native language for one part of the day and English for the other.

Sheltered English

A method for children with some English proficiency to learn more rapidly using materials written in English.

Immersion instruction

An approach where students receive extensive exposure to a second language.

Disproportionality

The concern that English-language learners are disproportionately enrolled in special education categories like learning disabilities.

Early literacy

A child's early entrance into language and stories through simultaneous experiences with oral language, reading, and writing.

Listening

A comprehension process demanding the selection of meanings and organization of ideas, distinct from the physiological process of hearing.

Expansion

A natural language stimulation activity where an adult expands a child's limited utterance (e.g., child says "Cookie," adult says "I want a cookie").

Parallel talk

An activity where an adult supplies short phrases describing a child's actions while the child plays.

Self-talk

A stimulation activity where an adult talks to themselves while performing tasks near the child.

Reciprocal questioning

A strategy for adolescents where the student asks the questions instead of the teacher.

Earobics

An educational software program that uses interactive games to teach auditory and phonological awareness skills.