Horticulture Exam 1:

Forestry

The science and technology of culturing, utilizing and improving forest trees and their products

Agriculture

What is called the science and technology of growing and raising plants and animals?

Olericulture

The science of vegetable cultivation and production

Pomology

The science of fruit cultivation and production

Viticulture

The study of growing grapes and vines

Turfgrass Management

The study of grasses for lawns, landscapes, sport facilities and golf courses

Arboriculture

The study of growing trees

Ornamental Horticulture

Plants grown for aesthetic uses, improvement of quality of life and our environment, and functional uses.

Floriculture

The study of flowering and foliage plant culture and production.

Landscape Horticulture

The use of plants for exterior and interior design, construction and maintenance of landscapes

True

Early people were primarily hunters and gatherers

Theophrastus

Who wrote THE HISTORY OF PLANTS?

Carl Linnaeus

Who developed the binomial system of classification?

Liberty Hyde Bailey

Who wrote CYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE?

Homestead Act

What other than the Morrill Act and establishment of the USDA happened in 1862?

1973

What year did Berg make it possible to transfer genes?

Hortus = garden, cultura = cultivation Meaning: Garden cultivation

The term horticulture is derived from what Latin word meaning?

Pomology

The science of growing, harvesting, processing, handling, storing, and marketing fruit trees

Floriculture

The science of growing, harvesting, processing, storing, and marketing flowering plants

Olericulture

The science of growing, harvesting, processing, storing, and marketing vegetables

Landscape Horticulture

The science and practice of propagating, growing, installing, maintaining, and using grasses, annual plants, shrubs and trees in landscape

Seed Production / Seed Science

The science and practice of producing, processing, and selling high-quality seed crops

Nursery Worker / Propagator

Person growing seedlings and plants for landscaping, fruit production, and replanting forests

Groundskeeper

Person who maintains lawns, flowerbeds, and plants around buildings

Skills and qualifications needed

One factor to consider when selecting a career is what skills does this job require?

Increased use of hand labor (not an improvement)

Which is NOT one of the improvements horticulture used to meet challenges?

Park Manager / Park Maintenance Worker

Person who cares for the needs of parks

Extension Agent / Horticulture Educator

Person who educates on horticulture

False

First impressions for job interviews are not important as long as you are educated.

Arriving late, dressing poorly, using your phone, being rude

Which should you avoid doing at a job interview?

False (macro = large)

Macrophylla is a small leaf plant.

"Kind" or "appearance"

Species comes from Latin meaning _____.

Small-leaf plants

Microphylla are known as _____ plants.

True

Most plants have more than one common name

True

Binomial naming system is a two-name system

Variety, cultivar, subspecies

Subdivisions of species include:

They are universal and reduce confusion

One reason we use scientific names

Taxonomists

Scientists who identify and classify plants

International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN)

Taxonomists must follow rules set by what organization?

Respiration

Opposite of photosynthesis

Break down sugars to release energy

During respiration, plants _____.

Root hairs

Part of root that absorbs moisture and minerals

Dicots

Plants with two seed leaves

Petiole

Leaf stalk

Midrib

Large center vein

Monocots

Plants with one cotyledon

Oxygen production, food chains, ecosystems

Plants play an essential role in _____

Chloroplasts (contain chlorophyll)

Food-making cells; give plants green color

CO₂ + Water + Light

Inputs of photosynthesis

Support & transport

Two functions of stems

Phloem

Foods travel down via

Xylem

Water and minerals travel up via

Sepals

Green leaf-like parts protecting bud

Petals

Bright colored leaves

Stamen

Male portion of flower

Anther

Male part containing pollen

Pistil

Female part (ovary, style, stigma)

True

A complete flower has both male and female parts

True

Mitosis allows plant to grow

Adhesion

Force causing substance to stick to other things

Cohesion

Force causing molecules to stick to each other

Genetic engineering

Moving or changing genes

Transpiration

System plants use to remove excess moisture

Stomata

Small pores in leaf

Phototropism

Growth movement toward sun

False (lime raises pH)

Lowering soil pH uses sulfur, lime, iron sulfate

True

Release of water vapor is transpiration

Yellow (chlorosis)

Green plants showing _____ color indicates nitrogen deficiency

80-90%

Percentage of plant's fresh weight that is water

Soil texture triangle

_____ used to determine soil name by mechanical analysis

Stomata

90-95% of water lost through

True (to a point)

Plant growth increases as temperature increases

Photoperiodism

Response to day/night length

Mineral matter

Largest portion of soil

Gravitational water

Water that drains away

Capillary water

Thin layer around particles, available to plants

Hygroscopic water

Water held too tightly to be used

Aggregation

Clinging together of soil particles

Low cost (it is usually more expensive)

Not an advantage of soilless media

Perlite

Gray-white volcanic material

Sphagnum peat moss

Dehydrated remains of bog plants

Peat

High moisture-holding decomposed vegetation

Nitrogen

Macroelement that makes plants greener

Phosphorus

Macroelement encouraging root growth

5.6-7

Ideal soil pH

Long nights

Short-day plants want

Dormant

Resting or non-growing state

Field capacity

Water left after capillary movement stops

Loam

Equal mixture of sand, silt, clay

N-P-K

Major fertilizer elements

Micronutrients

Nutrients needed in small quantities

True

3-D approach allows clients to view photographic image

True

Graphic art reduces dimensions to scale

True

Landscape analysis includes soil quality, lawn condition

True

Ground covers good for areas with no foot traffic

True

Xeriscaping conserves water

True

Rubber liners last longer than PVC

False (Greek: xeros = dry)

Xeriscape comes from Latin

Landscape architects

Professionals integrating art & science

3-D design

_____ approach opened new presentation avenue