Enlightenment Ideas and American Government

These flashcards cover key concepts of Enlightenment thinkers and ideas that influenced American government.

What was the dominant intellectual movement in Europe during the 18th century?

The Enlightenment.

Who is best known for his book Leviathan and the idea of the necessity of government?

Thomas Hobbes.

What does the Social Contract theory address?

The origin of society and the legitimacy of the state's authority over the individual.

Which French writer tried to apply English free thinking to France after his time in England?

Voltaire.

What does Montesquieu promote in his writing The Spirit of the Laws?

The separation of powers and modern checks and balances.

What key ideas are associated with John Locke?

Natural rights of man: life, liberty, property.

According to Rousseau's social contract theory, what do individuals surrender in exchange for protection of their rights?

Some of their freedoms.

What was the goal of Diderot's writing, The Encyclopédie?

To change the way people think and inform themselves.

What economic concept is Adam Smith known for advocating?

Laissez-faire.

What did Voltaire mean by, 'I disapprove of what you say, but will defend to the death your right to say it'?

The importance of free speech.