Hardware and Software Concepts Regarding Information Systems

A set of vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes covering computer hardware, software, generations, and information system applications.

Computer

An electronic device that converts data into information.

First Generation Computers

Computers that used Vacuum Tubes as their primary technology.

Second Generation Computers

Computers that utilized Transistors.

Third Generation Computers

Computers characteried by the use of Integrated Circuits.

Fourth Generation Computers

Computers that utilize VLSI Microprocessors.

Fifth Generation Computers

Computers based on Artificial Intelligence & Business Intelligence.

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

The component responsible for processing and controlling data flow, consisting of the Memory Unit, Control Unit, and Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU).

Primary Memory

A type of computer memory encompassing RAM and ROM.

Secondary Memory

Storage media including Hard disks, optical disks, pen drives, and magnetic media.

Operating Systems

Systems that manage hardware and software resources, such as Windows, UNIX, and Linux.

Types of Operating Systems

Includes Batch OS, Interactive OS, Multiprogramming OS, Multiprocessing OS, Multi-user OS, and Virtual Storage OS.

Programming Language Generations

The hierarchy of languages including Machine Language, Assembly Language, High-Level Languages, and Fourth-Generation Languages (4GL).

Input Devices

Hardware such as Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, MICR, OMR, OCR, Joystick, Light Pen, and VDU.

Output Devices

Hardware such as Printers, Plotters, Monitors, Speakers, and Projectors.

Moore's Law

The observation that processing power doubles approximately every $18$ months while the cost decreases.

PULSE Point-of-Sale System

A system used by Domino's Pizza to improve order processing, customer service, and operational efficiency.