Chem 20-1 - unit 2: gasses
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Last updated 1:13 AM on 4/13/23
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42 Terms
1
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what does the kinetic molecular theory of matter state?
states that all entities in all forms of matter an in constant motion
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assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory of matter?
1. gases have negligible volume due to emptty space between entities spread far apart allowing them to be compressed
2. because gasses are in constant motion, they take up volume and pressure when contained
3. all collisions are perfectly elastic resulting in all energy from one particle being transferred to another
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kinetic energy
the energy of motion
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movement (vibrations) of particles increased
what occurs to the particles when a substance is heated?
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kinetic
when the movement of the particles increases, so doe the _________ energy
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temperature
measure of the average kinetic energy of a substance
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the kelvin scale
* based on the idea of absolute zero, where all motion of particles stops
* very helpful because it is a direct measure of the kinetic energy of entities of a substance
* very helpful because it is a direct measure of the kinetic energy of entities of a substance
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absolute zero
* 0K/-273.15 degrees
* temperature at which all motion of entities stops
* temperature at which all motion of entities stops
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add 273.15
how to convert from degrees to kelvin
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subtract 273.15
how to convert from kelvin to degrees
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pressure
force exerted over an area
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the pressure increased
what happens when the area a gas is contained in gets smaller?
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the pressure decreases
what happens the area gas is contained in gets bigger?
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inversely
pressure and area are ___________ related
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gas pressure
the force resulting from gaseous entities colliding with one another and the vessels they are contained in
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vacuum
* no pressure because no collisions or particles are present
* empty, motionless space
* empty, motionless space
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atmospheric pressure
* results from the collision of air molecules with objects
* air exert pressure because gravity holds air molecules in earths atmosphere
* air exert pressure because gravity holds air molecules in earths atmosphere
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barometer
* invented by evangelista torricelli in 1643
* used to measure gas pressure
* it was determined that 760mm Hg could be supported in the tube, by air pressure
* used to measure gas pressure
* it was determined that 760mm Hg could be supported in the tube, by air pressure
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STP
* standard temperature and pressure
* occurs @ 0 degrees and 101.325kPa
* occurs @ 0 degrees and 101.325kPa
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SATP
* standard ambient temperature and pressure
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* kPa - kilopascals
* mm of Hg - millimetres of mercury
* atm - atmospheres
* mm of Hg - millimetres of mercury
* atm - atmospheres
what are the units for pressure?
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760 mmHg = 1 atm = 101.325 kPa
what is the conversion factor for gas pressure
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boyles law
whos law compares pressure and volume
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inversly
it can be said that pressure and volume are _______ related
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decreases
according to boyles law, as pressure increases, volume __________
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increases
accroding to boyles law, as pressure decreases, tenperature ___________
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formula for boyles law
P1V1 = P2V2
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charles law
whos law compares temperature and volume
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directly
it can be said that temeprature and volume and _________ related
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increases
accroding to charles law, as temperature increases, volume _________
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decreases
according to charles law, as temperature decreases, volume __________
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formula for charles law
V1/T1 = V2/T2
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kelvin
to complete calculations, temperature must be in which units?
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combined gas law
compares the relationship between pressure, temperature and volume
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gay-lussacs law
compares pressure and temperature
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temperature
which factor of the combined gas law must be kept constant to get to boyles law?
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pressure
which factor of the combined gas law must be kept constant to get to charles law?
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law of combining volumes
* invented by Joseph Gay-Lussac
* states that the volumes of gasseous reactants and products within chemical reactions are always in the simplest whole number ratio
* states that the volumes of gasseous reactants and products within chemical reactions are always in the simplest whole number ratio
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avogadros theory
* in 1811, amedeo avogadro proposed an explaination for the law of comining volumes
* equal volumes of gasses at the same temp and pressure contain an equal number of mols
* this means that the volume of a gas is directly related proportional to the number of mols of gas present
* equal volumes of gasses at the same temp and pressure contain an equal number of mols
* this means that the volume of a gas is directly related proportional to the number of mols of gas present
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molar volume of a gas
* volume that one mol of a gas occupies at a specified temp and pressure
* the molar volume witll be the same for all gases give that temp and pressure remain constant
* the molar volume witll be the same for all gases give that temp and pressure remain constant
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22\.4L/mol
what is the molar volume at STP
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24\.8L/mol
what is the molar volume at SATP