the periodic table

what is the structure of an atom

An atom consists of a nucleus made up of protons and neutrons, surrounded by a cloud of electrons that orbit the nucleus in various energy levels.

what makes up the nucleus

The nucleus is made up of protons, which are positively charged, and neutrons, which have no charge.

what charge does a proton have

positive

what charge does a neutron have

neutral

what charge does an electron have

negative

what is a cation

takes away electrons making it positively charged

what is an anion

adds electrons making it negativly charged

what is the electron shell configuration

2,8,8

what is atomic mass

mass of protons and neutrons and the whole weight of the atom

how much does electrons weigh

0

what is a sub atomic particle

A particle smaller than an atom, including protons, neutrons, and electrons.

what does a particle weigh

1

what is the atomic number

number of protons

what is an ion

a charged atom taht has more or less electrons

how many electrons are in an unchanged atom

same amount as protons

what is the number of neutrons

atomic mass - protons (atomic number)

what is a group

the amount of electrons in the outermost shell vertical

what is a period

the number of shells horizontal

when are atoms most stable

when their outermost shell is full

what is a valence shell

the outermost shell

is group 1 more reactive or stable

reactive

is group 8 more stable or reactive

stable

what are alkali metals

group 1 elements and highly reactive

what are alkali earth metals

group 2 elements they are reactive

what are the halogens

group 7 highly reactive

what are noble gases

group 8 stable inert gases

what are exited electrons

when an element is exposed to heat electrons can come exited when their exited the absorb energy and jump t a higher shell don’t stay for long and they return to their grounded state and then release energy in the form of light