Disease treatment drugs

Methylphenidate

Primarily for ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) to improve attention and reduce hyperactivity by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain.

Methylprednisolone

A corticosteroid used as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent used in spinal cord injuries.

Memantine

Indication: Moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease; Mechanism: NMDA receptor antagonist; modulates glutamatergic neurotransmission to reduce excitotoxicity.

Benzodiazepines (e.g., Clonazepam)

Indications: Anxiety, seizures, some movement disorders (e.g., dystonia); Mechanism: Enhance GABA_A receptor-mediated inhibition.

Beta-blockers

Indications: Hypertension, anxiety, essential tremor, and off-label use in some movement disorders; Mechanism: Block β-adrenergic receptors, reducing adrenergic nervous system activity.

Deutetrabenazine

Indications: Huntington's disease chorea, tardive dyskinesia; Mechanism: VMAT2 inhibitor that reduces dopamine release to control hyperkinetic movements.

Azathioprine

Indications: Autoimmune neurological diseases (e.g., myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis); Mechanism: Immunosuppressant that inhibits lymphocyte proliferation.

Edaravone

Indication: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); Mechanism: Antioxidant reducing oxidative stress in motor neurons.

Naloxone

Indication: Acute opioid overdose reversal; Mechanism: Opioid receptor antagonist.

Neuroleptics (Antipsychotics)

Used to treat psychosis, mood disorders(scizophrenia, bipolar disorder) blocks dopamine receptors

Neuroprostheses

Devices that replace or enhance nervous system functions (e.g., cochlear implants, deep brain stimulators).

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

Used for inflammation and pain; their neurological use includes headache treatment, arthritis

inhibits synthesis of pro inflamatory molecules(prostaglandins)

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Evidence supports neuroprotective roles and benefits in cognitive health and mood regulation.

Riluzole

Indication: ALS; Mechanism: Reduces glutamate excitotoxicity, prolonging survival modestly.

Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA)

Indication: Acute ischemic stroke; Mechanism: Thrombolytic that breaks down blood clots to restore blood flow.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

uses magnetic waves to induce electrical currents in the brain; FDA-approved for treatment-resistant depression, migraine, and OCD; used in research and some movement disorders.

Rivastigmine,galantamine, donepezil:

acetycholinerase inhibitors(keeps acetycholine binding to receptors for a longer duration)

deep brain stimulation

can help allieviate epilepsy, dystonia, Tourette’s syndrome and, more recently, obsessive-compulsive disorder, parkinsons