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Các lĩnh vực chính mà Luật Dân sự điều chỉnh bao gồm:
Cá nhân (Person)
Tài sản (Property)
Giao dịch (Transaction)
Bồi thường thiệt hại (Compensation of Damages)
Thừa kế (Inheritance)
Basic Principles of Civil Law
Equality
Voluntariness (Free Will)
Honesty and Credibility( trung thực và uy tín)
Respect Rights of the Others
Self-Responsibility
Civil Law distinguishes between two types of legal subjects(Luật Dân sự phân biệt giữa hai loại chủ thể)
-Natural Person: An individual human being.
-Legal Person: An organization recognized by law, possessing independent assets, and independently responsible for civil liabilities (e.g., a company)
Civil legal capacity
Khả năng có quyền và nghĩa vụ dân sự
Capacity for civil acts
Khả năng tự mình thực hiện quyền và nghĩa vụ dân sự( depend on age and mental state)
Classification of Capacity for Civil Acts (By Age)
Under 6 years:Transactions are carried out by a legal representative.
6 to 15 years:Transactions require the consent of the legal representative, except for those serving everyday needs
15 to 18 years:Có thể tự mình thực hiện giao dịch, trừ giao dịch liên quan đến bất động sản phải được sự đồng ý của người đại diện.
Trên 18 tuổi: đầy đủ năng lực
Inheritance
Inheritance by Will, Inheritance by Law
Inheritance by Will
according to the intention of the deceased (testator)
Inheritance by Law
Inheritance based on the order of priority and conditions stipulated by law.
Order of Priority
1st Rank: Spouses(vợ/chồng), biological parents, adoptive parents, biological children, and adopted children.
2nd Rank: Grandparents, siblings, and biological grandchildren (children of deceased children).
3rd Rank: Great-grandparents, biological uncles and aunts, and biological nephews/nieces (children of deceased siblings).