Enumeration

Components of Digestive System

• Digestive Tract/Alimentary Canal

• Digestive Glands

• Accessory Digestive Glands

Segments of digestive tracts

• Mouth

• Pharynx

• Esophagus

• Glandular Stomach

• Small Intestine

• Large Intestine

• Anus

Digestive glands includes

• Salivary glands

• Liver with the gall bladder

• Pancreas

Accessory digestive structure includes

• Tongue

• Cheeks

• Lips

• Hard and Soft Palate

Apertures/Opening of Pharynx

• Nasopharynx

• Oropharynx

• Laryngopharynx

Three segments of esophagus

• Cervical

• Thoracic

• Abdominal

Layers of esophagus

• Tunica mucosa

• Tunica submucosa

• Tunica muscularis

• Tunica adventitia

Tunica serosa is found in?

• Stomach

• Small Intestine

• Large Intestine

Parts of stomach

• Cardia

• Fundus

• Body

• Pylorus

2 sphincter

• Cardiac sphincter

• Pyloric Sphincter

Concentric layers of the stomach

• T. mucuso

• T. submucosa

• T. muscularis

• T. serosa

Gastric glands are made up of

• Chief cells = pepsinogen

• Parietal cells = Hydrochloric acid

Component of digestive juice

• Pepsinogen

• Hydrochloric Acid

Two surface of stomach

Parietal and visceral

2 curvatures of stomach

Greater and lesser

2 extremities of stomach

Right and left

The stomach is held in position as follows:

• by pressure of surrounding organs

• by the esophagus

• 5 peritoneal folds

a. Gastro - phrenic

b. Gastro - splenic

c. Gastro - pancreatic

d. Lesser omentum

e. Greater omentum

Organs surrounding the stomahc

• spleen

• liver

• intestine

Segments of Small intestine

• Duodenum - fixed

• Jejunum - mesenteric (most movable)

• Ileum - mesenteric

Segments of Large intestine

• Duodenum

• Jejunum

• Ileum

Interior of small intestine has the following features

• Vili

• Peyer’s patches

Ducts of SI

• Cystic duct

• Hepatic Duct

• Bile duct

• Dorsal/Accessory and ventral pancreatic ducts

Segments of LI

• Caecum

• Colon

• Rectum

Parts of Colon

• Ascending

• Transverse

• Descending

At the junction of rectum and anus are

• Anal glands

• On either side - para sinus and glands

Sphincter muscle in the anus

Sphincter ani externi et interni

Salivary glands

• Parotid

• Submandibular

• Sublingual

Salivary glands are classified according to their type of secretion, these are:

• Serous

• Mucous

• Mixed

Lobes of liver

• Hepatic lobule

• 3-4 lobes: 1. median/quadrate

2. caudate lobe (papillary process)

3. -4. left and right hepatic

Liver is described as having

• parietal surface

• visceral syrface

• circumference consisting of dorsal, ventral, and lateral borders

Two deep fissures divide the liver into three lobes:

• Central

• Left lateral

• Right lateral

Right lobe bears the

• Caudate process

• Omental or papillary process

The following structures enter the porta:

• Portal Vein

• Hepatic Artery

• Hepatic plexus of nerve

Structures that leave the porta

• Duct

• Lymphatics

Ligaments of livers

1. Coronary

2. Falciform

3. Round

4. Right triangular

5. Left triangular

6. Caudate

Portions of the pancreas

• Exocrine

• Endocrine

Exocrine secretes

• pancreatic amylase

• lipase

• trypsinogen

• chymotrypsinogen

Pancreatic juice contains

• pancreatic amylase

• lipase

• trypsinogen

• chymotrypsinogen

Islet of langerhas possesses:

• alpha

• beta

• delta

• f cells

Two surface of pancreas

dorsal and ventral

Borders of the pancreas

Right, left, and posterior border

Angles of the pancreas

• duodenal

• splenic

• ringt

Border of spleen

Anterior and posterior

Extremities of spleen

• Dorsal (base)

• Ventral (apex)

Spleen is attached by

• Hilus

• Gastro-splenic omentum

Types of teeth

• Incisor

• Canines

• Premolar

• Molar

Surfaces of the teeth

• Occlusal

• Labial

• Lingual

Layers of teeth

• Cementum

• Enamel

• Dentine

• Pulp cavity

Regions of the teeth

• Crown

• Neck

• Root

Two carnassial teeth of Dogs

1. Last upper premolar

2. First lower molar

The blood supply of the pulp is derived from

• Infraorbital

• Mandibular alveolar of the internal maxillary

Tongue is described as having

a. Root - caudal

b. Body

c. Apex - rostral

There are 4 main types of papillae:

• Filiform

• Fungiform

• Foliate

  • Vallate

Gustatory cells are limited to the:

• Fungiform

• Folia

• Vallate

The blood supply of the tongue is achieved by

paired lingual and sublingual arteries

The sensory nerve supply is from two sources:

• Lingual

• Glossopharyngeal nerve

The motor nerve supply of the tongue is from the

hypoglossal nerve (CN12).

Soft palate is described as having

• Base

• Free Border

• Two surfaces:

  • Oral

  • Aboral – opens to the esophagus

The soft palate has three intrinsic muscles and one extrinsic muscle:

a. Levator veli palatini

b. Tensor veli palatini

c. Palatinus

d. Palato-pharyngeus (extrinsic)

The bony basis of the hard palate is formed by the palatine processes:

a. Premaxillae

b. Maxillae

c. Horizontal part of the palatine bones

Large colon parts

1. Right ventral colon

2. Ventral diaphragmatic flexure

3. Left ventral colon

4. Pelvic flexure

5. Left dorsal colon

6. Dorsal diaphragmatic flexute

7. Right dorsal colon