Quiz 2

What are the central controls of swallowing?

1. Primary motor cortex

2. Basal Ganglia

3. Thalamus

4. Cerebellum

5. Brainstem

What are the peripheral controls of swallowing?

1. Cranial Nerves

2. Muscles

3. Myo-neurol junction

What is CPG?

Central pattern generator

What is the function of CPG?

Group of neurons that occur in different parts of the brain and allow for swallowing to occur

What are the motor and sensory nuclei names?

Sensory = nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS)

Motor = nucleus amigeous

Why are brain stem strokes the most severe when it comes to Dysphagia?

Because the CPG for swallowing is located in the brainstem (medulla and pons)

What other CPG besides following is found in the brainstem?

Respiration CPG; important of swallowing and coughing n

Which CN nuclei are in the medula?

Glossopharyngeal, vagus, and hypoglossal

Trigeminal nerve motor and sensory functions

Motor

1. Jaw muscles

2. Tensor veli palatini

3. Mylohyoid

4. Anterior belly of digastric

Sensory

1. Sensation of anterior part of tongue

Facial nerve motor and sensory functions

Motor

1. Obicularis oris

2. All facial muscles

3. stylohyoid

4. Posterior belly of digastric

Sensory

1. Taste in anterior part of tongue

Glossopharyngeal nerve motor and sensory functions

Motor

1. Part of pharyngeal plexus

2. All palatal muscles besides tensor

3. All pharyngeal constrictors

4. UES

Sensory

1. Taste and sensation of tongue

Vagus nerve motor and sensory functions

Motor

1. Part of pharyngeal plexus

2. All palatial muscles besides tensor

3. Pharyngeal constrictor muscles

4. All intrinsic laryngeal muscles

Sensory

1. Taste and general sensation of the tongue

2. Sensation within the larynx

Hypoglossal nerve motor and sensory functions

Motor

1. All tongue muscles besides palatoglossal

2. Genuohyoid is partially innervated by the cervical plexus

signs of impaired oral bolus prep

1. Prolonged mastication

2. Prolonged oral transit time

3. Premature spillage or pooling

What is delayed swallow initiation?

1. Pre swallow pooling = loss of sensation and bolus goes down before the patient wants to swallow

What would happen if there was an impaired epiglottis inversion or laryngeal vestibule squeeze?

Laryngeal penetration or aspiration during swallow

What would happen if you had an impaired tongue base retraction

Residue build up in the velleculae

What would happen is UES opening was impaired?

1. Residue in pyriform sinuses

2. Laryngeal penetration or aspiration

What would you see with an impaired pharyngeal stripping?

1. Residue on posterior pharyngeal walls

2. Prolonged pharyngeal transit time