Social science

True

We are stewards of the Earth— it’s our duty to care for it.

True

Environmental protection isn’t just for organizations; everyone must take part

False

Small actions (reducing waste, conserving energy, planting trees) cannot make a difference.

True

Humans have influenced the penvironment through settlements, agriculture, and industry.

Creationism

God created everything.

Evolutionism

Life evolved through natural processes.

Judaism, Islam, Christianity

Monotheistic Religions’ View

True

nature is not divine.

True

Religious texts emphasize human dominion over nature

False

Humans have control over nature and they don’t need to be responsible stewards.

True

Cruelty to animals is condemned.

True

Humans are stewards, not abusers, of nature.

True

Caring for the earth honors God as the Creator.

True

Religion influences views on environmental care.

Stewardship

means managing resources wisely.

Neo-Platonism

Early Christians adopted Greek philosophical ideas particularly

False

Plato’s concept of eternal Forms led to viewing the physical world as superior.

True

Nature was often seen as evil and obstructive to holiness.

False

The belief that Christians were “pilgrims and strangers” led to caring f nature.

True

Some Christians showed moderation towards nature, while others disregarded environmental care.

True

Unlike Eastern religions, Christianity viewed the physical world as real and valuable.

False

Christians believed understanding nature led to a greater appreciation of nature.

Thomas Aquinas

Angelic Doctor of the Church

True

world operates under “natural law”, meaning everything follows a divine order established by God.

Francis Bacon

belief that humanity, having lost its rightful control over nature, can and should regain it through scientific advancement.

False

Bacon championed the power of faith to build a utopian society.

René Descartes

FATHER OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY

Baseless optimism

refers to the misguided belief that humans can control and shape the environment without consequences, often ignoring moral and ethical considerations.

Determinism

refer the philosophical consequence of rejecting the existence of God within a scientific worldview

Romanticism

was a philosophical and artistic movement that emphasized motion, imagination, and individual freedom over strict logic and science.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

founder, rejected the scientific view of nature as a machine.

“Noble Savage

The less exposed a person is to civilization, the purer and more moral they are

Romantic Biocentrism

an evironmental philosophy that considers all living things equally valuable, rejecting the belief that humans are superior to nature

Freedom

the right to act, speak, or change without restraint or fear.

Patience

the ability of the person to "wait and see" before acting.

PRUDENCE

Is all about good judgement and being cautious in making decisions.

intellect

knows “truth” or “being as being”

will

chooses “goodness” or “being as desirable”

“Freedom to”

(positive/internal freedom)

“Freedom from”

(negative/external intervention)

Responsibility

originates from the Latin word respondere, meaning "to answer, to respond, and to be accountable to.

True

Freedom = Responsibility

intrapersonal

Ourselves

interpersonal

Others

meta-personal

Environment