Eukaryotic Origins and Protist Diversity

These flashcards cover essential concepts related to the origins of eukaryotes, protist diversity, nutritional strategies, cell structures, and energy transfer within ecosystems.

The theory that explains the origin of eukaryotic cells through the engulfing of prokaryotes is known as __.

Endosymbiotic Theory

The first eukaryotes are thought to have evolved around __ years ago.

2.1 billion years ago.

In the Endosymbiotic Theory, mitochondria are thought to originate from __ prokaryotes.

Aerobic chemoheterotrophic prokaryotes.

Evidence that supports the Endosymbiotic Theory includes the presence of __ in organelles such as mitochondria and plastids.

Circular DNA.

According to the Endosymbiotic Theory, what type of relationship was likely established between host cells and engulfed prokaryotes? __.

Mutualistic relationship.

The group of protists that includes red algae and green algae belongs to the larger classification known as __.

Eukaryotes.

Euglenids are thought to have evolved through __ endosymbiosis.

Secondary.

The nutritional strategies of protists can be categorized as photoautotrophs, heterotrophs, and __.

Mixotrophs.

Organisms like diatoms and dinoflagellates are crucial marine and aquatic plankton; diatoms have shells, while dinoflagellates have shells.

Silica; cellulose.

Amoebas, identified by their __ pseudopodia, extend to engulf resources from their environment.

Lobe-shaped.

Brown algae are known for having a life cycle that involves __ of generations, alternating between haploid and diploid forms.

Alternation.

Energy transformation in living organisms is governed by the first law of thermodynamics, which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it only changes __.

Forms.

In a trophic level pyramid, it is observed that only __% of the energy at one level is available to the next due to inefficiencies in energy transfer.

10%.