Chemistry Lessons 1 (Classification of Matter)

What are the five states of matter (and what three are the primary states)

1. Solid

2. Liquid

3. Gas

4. Plasma

5. Bose - Einstein Condensate

What do you need to add/remove in order to chance states (make particles separate or go closer together)

Heat/Energy

Solid: Shape, Volume, Compressibility

Shape: Fixed

Volume: Fixed

Compressibility: Low

Liquid: Shape, Volume, Compressibility

Shape: Shape of Container

Volume: Fixed

Compressibility: Moderate

Gas: Shape, Volume, Compressibility

Shape: Shape of container

Volume: Volume of container

Compressibility: High

What is it called when liquid becomes gas?

Evaporation

What is it called when gas becomes liquid?

Condensation

What is it called when liquid becomes a solid?

Freezing

What is it called when a solid becomes liquid?

Melting

What is it called when gas becomes a solid?

Deposition

What is it called when solid becomes a gas?

Sublimination

If matter can be physically separated, it is a -

Mixture

If matter can't be physically separated it is a -

Pure Substance

Two types of mixtures (and what they mean)

Homogenous Mixture (uniform)

Heterogeneous Mixture (Not uniform)

What are the two types of heterogeneous mixtuers?

Colloids and Suspensions

What are the two types of pure substances (and what do they mean)

Compound (can be chemically decomposed)

Element (can't be chemically decomposed)

Define "Pure Substance"

Composed of a single type of particle and have the same properties throughout

Define "Element" (give an example)

Pure substances that cannot be broken down further by chemical reactions (ex. hydrogen, gold, magnesium)

Define "Compound" (give an example)

Pure substances made up of two or more elements (ex. water, carbon dioxide)

Define "Mixtures"

Substances that contain two (or more) different kinds of particles mixed (not combined) together

Define "Homogeneous Mixtures/Solutions" (give an example)

A mixture that is uniform throughout (ex. fruit punch, glass cleaner, sugar water)

Define "Heterogeneous/Mechanical Mixtures"

A mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout the mixture (you can see the different parts in the mixture)

Define "Solute" and "Solvent"

Solute: A substance being dissolved

Solvent: A substance that does the dissolving

Define "Suspensions" (give an example)

Particles will settle or separate from the mixture (ex. oil and water, muddy water)

Define Colloids and give examples

Particles will not settle out of a colloid, even with intense spinning in a centrifuge (ex. milk, ketchup)