Data Management - Foundations - C426 (1/6)

catalog/data dictionary(Architecture)

________ is a directory of tables, columns, indexes, and other database objects.Other components use ________ information to process and execute queries.

query language (Databases)

_____ ________ is a specialized programming language, designed specifically for database systems.

database application (Databases)

________ ___________ is software that helps business users interact with database systems.

database design (Analysis)

A ________ ______ is a specification of database objects such as tables, columns, data types, and indexes. ________ ______ also refers to the process used to develop the specification.

Solid bullets(Logical design)

(●) indicate key columns.

MySQL Workbench(MySQL)

_____ _________ is installed with MySQL Server and allows developers to execute SQL commands using an editor.

Data

____ numeric, textual, visual, or audio information that describes real-world systems.

Scope (Data)

The amount of data produced and collected can vary

Format(Data)

Data may be produced as numbers, text, image, audio, or video.

Access(Data)

Some data sources are private while others are made publicly available.

Analog(Data)

Historically, data was mostly ______, encoded as continuous variations on various physical media.

Digital(Data)

Today, data is mostly ________, encoded as zeros and ones on electronic and magnetic media.

Visualization(Data)

Data relationships are often represented in a graphical format, called a _____________, such as the images in the animation above.

Database (Databases)

A________ is a collection of data in a structured format. In principle, databases can be stored on paper or even clay tablets. In practice, however, modern databases are invariably stored on computers. The term ________ sometimes refers to a ________ system rather than the data managed by the system

Database System/Database Management System/DBMS (Databases)

________ ______is software that reads and writes data in a database. ________ ______ensure data is secure, internally consistent, and available at all times. These functions are challenging for large databases with many users, so ________ ______are complex.

query (Databases)

A _____ is a request to retrieve or change data in a database

information management system (Databases)

____________ ___________ ______ is a software application that manages corporate data for a specific business function. An ____________ ___________ ______ usually includes a database system as well as other components, such as a user interface, business logic, and interfaces to other systems.

database administrator(Database roles)

________ _____________ is responsible for securing the database system against unauthorized users. A ________ _____________ enforces procedures for user access and database system availability.

database designer(Database roles)

_______ ________ determines the format of each data element and the overall database structure. _______ ________must balance several priorities, including storage, response time, and support for rules that govern the data. Since these priorities often conflict, _______ ________ is technically challenging.

database programmer(Database roles)

________ __________ develops computer programs that utilize a database.

database user(Database roles)

________ ____ is a consumer of data in a database. ________ ____ request, update, or use stored data to generate reports or information. D________ ____ usually access the database via applications but can also submit queries directly to the database system.

Performance(Database systems)

When many users and applications simultaneously access large databases, query response time degrades rapidly. Database systems maintain fast response times by structuring data properly on storage media and processing queries efficiently.

Authorization(Database systems)

Many database users should have limited access to specific tables, columns, or rows of a database. Database systems authorize individual users to access specific data.

Security(Database systems)

Database systems ensure authorized users only access permissible data. Database systems also protect against hackers by encrypting data and restricting access.

Rules(Database systems)

Database systems ensure data is consistent with structural and business _____.

Recovery(Database systems)

Computers, database systems, and individual transactions occasionally fail. Database systems must recover from failures and restore the database to a consistent state without loss of data.

Transaction (Transactions)

A___________ is a group of queries that must be either completed or rejected as a whole. Execution of some, but not all, queries results in inconsistent or incorrect data.

Ensure transactions are processed completely or not at all. (Transactions)

A computer or application might fail while processing a transaction.

Prevent conflicts between concurrent transactions.(Transactions)

When multiple transactions access the same data at the same time, a conflict may occur.

Ensure transaction results are never lost.(Transactions)

Once a transaction completes, transaction results must always be saved on storage media, regardless of application or computer failures.

Architecture(Architecture)

The ____________ of a database system describes the internal components and the relationships between components.

query processor(Architecture)

The _____ _________ interprets queries, creates a plan to modify the database or retrieve data, and returns query results to the application.

query optimization(Architecture)

The ______ ____________ performs query optimization to ensure the most efficient instructions are executed on the data.

storage manager(Architecture)

The _______ _______ translates the query processor instructions into low-level file-system commands that modify or retrieve data.

indexes(Architecture)

Database sizes range from megabytes to many terabytes, so the storage manager uses _______ to quickly locate data.

Transaction manager (Architecture)

The __________ _______ ensures transactions are properly executed.

log(Architecture)

The ___ is a file containing a complete record of all inserts, updates, and deletes processed by the database. The transaction manager writes___ records before applying changes to the database. In the event of a failure, the transaction manager uses ___records to restore the database.

Metadata(Architecture)

_________ is data about the database, such as column names and the number of rows in each table. Database systems store metadata in the catalog and use metadata to process queries.

relational database(Products)

A ___________ ________ stores data in tables, columns, and rows, similar to a spreadsheet.

Structured Query Language /SQL(Products)

__________ _____ _________ and includes statements that read and write data, create and delete tables, and administer the database system.

big data(Products)

The growth of the internet in the 1990s generated massive volumes of online data, called ___ ____, often with poorly structured or missing information.

NoSQL: MongoDB(Products)

The newer non-relational systems are called _____, for 'not only SQL', and are optimized for big data.

Open source: MySQL/PostgreSQL/MongoDB(Products)

_____ ______ software is software that anyone can inspect, copy, and modify with no licensing fee.

Commercial: SQL Server/Oracle Database(Products)

__________ a computer software that is produced for sale or that serves commercial purposes

query (Common queries)

A ______ is a command for a database that typically inserts new data, retrieves data, updates data, or deletes data from a database.

query language(Common queries)

A ______ __________ is a computer programming language for writing database queries.

CRUD(Common queries)

The four common queries are sometimes referred to as ____ operations, an acronym for Create, Read, Update, and Delete data.

Structured Query Language/SQL (Writing queries with SQL)

____________ _______ _________, is the standard query language of relational database systems.

Statement(Writing queries with SQL)

An SQL _________ is a database command, such as a query that inserts, selects, updates, or deletes data:.

INSERT(Writing queries with SQL)

______ inserts rows into a table.

SELECT(Writing queries with SQL)

_______retrieves data from a table.

UPDATE(Writing queries with SQL)

_______ modifies data in a table.

DELETE(Writing queries with SQL)

________ deletes rows from a table.

CREATE TABLE(Creating tables with SQL)

The SQL ______ ______ statement creates a new table by specifying the table and column names.

data type(Creating tables with SQL)

Each column is assigned a ____ ____ that indicates the format of column values. ____ ____ can be numeric, textual, or complex.

INT(Creating tables with SQL)

stores integer values.

DECIMAL(Creating tables with SQL)

stores fractional numeric values.

VARCHAR(Creating tables with SQL)

stores textual values.

DATE(Creating tables with SQL)

stores year, month, and day.

Analysis(Analysis)

The ________ phase specifies database requirements without regard to a specific database system.

ER diagrams(Analysis)

Entities, relationships, and attributes are depicted in __ ________.

Rectangles(Analysis)

__________represent entities. Entity names appear at the top of __________

Lines(Analysis)

_____ between rectangles represent relationships.

Text(Analysis)

____inside rectangles and below entity names represent attributes.

logical design (Logical design)

The _______ ______ phase implements database requirements in a specific database system.

key(Logical design)

A ___ is a column used to identify individual rows of a table.

table diagram(Logical design)

The logical design is depicted in a _____ _______.

Empty bullets(Logical design)

(○) and arrows indicate columns that refer to keys.

Schema(Logical design)

The logical design, as specified in SQL and depicted in a table diagram, is called a database ______.

physical design(Physical design)

The _______ ______ phase adds indexes and specifies how tables are organized on storage media.

data independence(Physical design)

The principle that physical design never affects query results is called ____ _____________.

application programming interface/API(Programming)

____________ ___________ ________, is a library of procedures or classes that links a host programming language to a database.

MySQL (MySQL)

_____ is a leading relational database system sponsored by Oracle.

MySQL Community/MySQL Server(MySQL)

_____ _________, is a free edition.

MySQL Enterprise(MySQL)

_____ __________ is a paid edition for managing commercial databases. _____ __________ includes MySQL Server and additional administrative applications.

root account(MySQL)

The ____ ________, the administrative account that has full control of MySQL.

MySQL Command-Line Client(MySQL)

The ______ _______-____ ______ is a text interface included in the MySQL Server download. The Command-Line Client allows developers to connect to the database server, perform administrative functions, and execute SQL statements.

error code(MySQL)

MySQL Server returns an _____ _____ and description when an SQL statement is syntactically incorrect or the database cannot execute the statement.