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Mansa Musa
West African ruler known for their tremendous wealth and role in promoting the Trans-Saharan trade routes.
Aztec/Mexica Empire
Occupied territory in present-day Mexico City with a theocracy government system.
Hausa Kingdom
Kingdom in West Africa known for agriculture, salt-mining, and blacksmithing.
Inca
Group of combined small tribes into a full-fledged state in present-day Ecuador to North Chile. Was split into four separate provinces.
Delhi Sultanate
An Islamic empire based in Delhi from 1206-1526.
Abbasid Caliphate
Arab state/dynasty that ruled over the Islamic world, replacing the Umayyad Caliphate.
Vijayanagara Empire
Empire in southern India with an agricultural and trade-based economy. Their government had a single monarch with a council of ministers.
Khmer Empire
Based in modern-day Cambodia, most known for their grand architecture. Capital city was Angkor Wat.
Mali
West African empire known for their wealth acquired by trading and their abundant gold resources.
Ethiopia
A landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa.
Mamluk Sultanate
Islamic state in Egypt ruled by the Mamluks who were slave soldiers. They prospered by facilitating cotton and sugar trade between the Islamic world and Europe.
Chaco/Mesa Verde
Built their homes out of adobe into the sides of cliffs in present-day New Mexico and Arizona.
Cahokia
Along the Midwest of the Mississippi River, they made large mounds, had a matrilineal society, and worshipped the sun.
House of Wisdom
A major Abbasid society of scientists, academics, and a translation department, and a library that preserved the knowledge acquired by the Abbasids over the centuries.
The Renaissance
A cultural, artistic, and intellectual revival that began in Italy and spread throughout Europe- marked the transition from the medieval period to the modern age.
The Dark Ages
An era characterized by a decline in cultural and economic activity, and disease in Europe.
Great Zimbabwe
Medieval African city known for its large infrastructure, was part of a wealthy African trading empire that controlled much of the East African coast from the 11th to 15th centuries.
Human Sacrifice
The act of sacrificing humans for religious purposes.
Feudalism
The dominant social system, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants were obliged to live on their lord’s land and give him homage, labor and a share of the produce; notionally in exchange for military protection.
Mayan City-States
Independent political entities that consisted of a central urban area surrounded by smaller settlements.
Seljuk Empire
Turks who conquered Baghdad took over the governmental functions of the Abbasids and allowed the Caliphs to continue their religious functions.
Bhakti Movement
Spiritual and social movement that originated in ancient India and spread throughout South Asia. Based on the belief in the power of devotion to a personal god to achieve spiritual liberation.
Sufism
Mystical Islamic belief and practice in which Muslims seek to find the truth of divine love and knowledge through direct personal experience of God.
Mahayana and Theravada Buddhism
Focused on spiritual growth for all beings and on service, strongest in China and Korea. Focused on personal spiritual growth through silent meditation and self-discipline, strongest in Southeast Asia
Buddhist Monasticism
A religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual work.
Monotheism
Belief in one god
Manorialism
The economic system that is defined by the relationship between a landowning Lord and the peasants who work the land.
Champa Rice
A quick-maturing (2x normal), drought resistant crop originating in Vietnam and spreading to China.
The Grand Canal
Connects the Northern region of China to the South, very economically important to China.
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