Topic Set 6: Pigmentation Disorders & Diagnostics

What is hyperpigmentation?

Excessive melanin production from UV radiation or other causes

What is albinism?

Recessive disorder where melanocytes lack enough tyrosinase to produce melanin

What is vitiligo?

Autoimmune attack on melanocytes causing unpigmented skin patches

What is hemoglobin?

Red blood pigment that turns bright red when bound to oxygen

What undertone does hemoglobin give to skin?

Pink undertone

What are carotenes?

Yellow-orange pigments found in orange vegetables and egg yolks

Where do carotenes accumulate in the body?

Fatty tissues and stratum corneum

What is the physiological role of carotenes?

Precursor to vitamin A for vision

What is erythema?

Red skin tone from increased dermal blood flow during heat or injury

What is pallor?

Pale skin from decreased dermal blood flow

What is cyanosis?

Blue skin tone from poor tissue oxygenation

What is jaundice?

Yellowing of skin and eyes from bilirubin buildup in liver disease

What is a hematoma?

A bruise; clotted blood under skin from injury