Nurising informatics

Nursing science

— Focuses on the ethical application of knowledge to:

• Provide nursing services and implement nursing interventions

• Generate (more) knowledge, advancing the nursing profession and discipline

• Dictates the purpose and goals of any information system

Data

— Ra, discrete, unorganized facts, figures, or symbols

Information

— Data that has been processed, organized, structured, or contextualized to give it meaning - allowing nurses to see patterns or trends

Knowledge

— The interpretation and integration of information, often drawing on experience, research evidence, and theoretical frameworks

Wisdom

— Application of knowledge, experience, critical thinking, intuition, and ethical principles to make sound judgments, and decisions in complex, ambiguous, or unique situations

Foundation of knowledge model

— Demonstrates how we develop and use individual knowledge base

Knowledge consumers

— Users of knowledge; NOT producer of knowledge

Knowledge brokers

— Know where to find information and knowledge; generate some knowledge

Knowledge generators

— Primary sources of new knowledge

Explicit knowledge

— Can be expressed in letters, words, or numbers

— With rational thought

Tacit knowledge

— Individualize

— Personal

— Values or emotions

— Without evident rational thought

Data integrity

— Is much better than data form since its much more consistent and considered as quality data

Accessible

— Right users must be able to obtain right information, at the right time in the right format

Security

— Authorized user must be permitted

— Unauthorized users must be blocked

Timely

— Right information is available when it is needed

Accurate

— Information is free from errors

Relevant

— Available information is applicable to the need of the users

Complete

— Information must consist of ALL essential data

Flexible

— Information can be used in variety of purposes

Reliable

— Information is from clean data gathered from authoritative or credible sources

Utility

— Able to provide right information at the right time to the right person for the right purpose

Human error

— Incorrect data entry

— Spelling errors

Malware

— Viruses

— Worms

— Spam

— Ransomware

Machine error

— Hardware failures

— Software issues

Transmission errors

— Connectivity issues

— Data corruption

— Lost of data

Human

— Organic Information System

Machines

— Inorganic Information System

Input or data acquisition

— The activity of collecting and acquiring raw data

— Include combinations of hardware, software, and telecommunications

Processing

— The retrieval, analysis, or synthesis of data

— The alteration and transformation of the data into helpful or useful information and outputs

Output or dissemination

— The production of helpful or useful information that can be in the form of reports, documents, summaries, alerts, outcomes

— Are combination of hardware, software, and telecommunications and include sound and speech synthesis outputs, printers, and monitors

Report

— Designed to inform and is generally tailored to the context of a given situation or user or user group

Document

— Represents information that can be printed, saved, emailed, or otherwise shared or displayed

Summaries

— Condensed versions of the original information designed to highlight the major points

Alert

— Comprised of warnings, feedback, or additional information necessary to assist the user in interacting with the system

Outcome

— The expected result of input and processing

Feedback

— The reaction to the inputting, processing, and outputs

— Refers to information from the system that is use to make modifications in the input, processing actions, or outputs

— Can be to verify correctness of the information

Hospital Information System

— Manages the administrative, financial, and clinical aspects of a hospital enterprise

— It should help to link financial and clinical outcomes

Clinical Information System

— Comprehensive and integrative system that manages the administrative, financial, and clinical aspects of a clinical facility

— Should help to link financial and clinical outcomes

Decision Support System

— Organizes and analyzes information to help decision makers formulate decisions when they are unsure of their decision’s possible outcomes

— After gathering relevant and useful information, develops "what if" models to analyze the options or choices and alternatives.

Transaction processing system

— Process and records routine business transactions, such a billing systems that create and send invoices to customers, and payroll systems that generate employees’ pay stubs and wage checks and calculate tax payments

Management Information System

— Provides summaries of information, such as information from the transaction processing system

— Develops a series of routine reports for decision making

Executive support system

— Collects, organizes, analyzes, and summarizes vital information to help executives or senior management with strategic decision making

— Provides a quick view of all strategic business activities

Office systems

— Facilitates communication and enhances the productivity of users needing to process data and information

Computer science

— Study of storage or memory, conversion and transformation, and transfer or transmission of information in machines through algorithms and practical implementation

Computers

— An electronic, information - processing machine, used to manipulate data and information

— Manipulation of data and information

Central Processing Unit

— “Brain” of the computer - executes the process of the computer

— Is instigated by an operating System (OS)

Gigahertz

— Speed of the computer

Multicore multiprocessor

— Chips that combine to or more processors

Motherboard

— CNS of the computer

— Facilitates communication among all the computer components, including USB, ethernet network, and graphic controllers

Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)

— A specific type of ROM used by the computer when it first boots up to establish basic communication between the motherboard, processor, and other components

— Controls the computer from the time it switched on until the operating(OS) takes over

Commercial software

— Licensed software that requires purchase before it can be used

Open- source software

— Non-commercial software aimed to lessen digital divide

— Facilitate collaboration with users and developers

Cloud computing

— Storing and accessing data and programs over the internet instead of computer’s harddrive

— Metaphor for internet

Cognitive science

— Study of the mind, and how information is processed in the mind

Nursing informatics

— The synthesis of nursing science, information science, computer science, and cognitive science for the purpose of managing, disseminating, and enhancing healthcare data, information, knowledge, and wisdom