Studied by 1 personwhat is oligomenorrhea
too few periods
what is polymenorrhea
too many periods
what is amenorrhea
no periods
what is post-menopausal bleeding a sign of
cancer
what are the signs and symptoms of endometriosis
endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus causing painful mensuration that worsens over time, pain during sex, and constipation
what diagnostic procedure is used to confirm endometriosis
laproscopy
what is the treatment for endometriosis
birth control to skip period, surgery to remove tissue
what is a possible cause of endometriosis
retrograde menstruation where the period back flows into the the fallopian tubes instead of leaving the body
what are possible complications of endometriosis and PCOS
infertility
what are the S/S of PCOS
many fluid filled cysts in the ovaries, hirstruism (excess hair), male pattern hair loss, and acanthosis nigricans (velvety hyper-pigmentation of the skin)
what are the diagnosis criteria for PCOS
(must meet 2/3)
oligomenorrhea/anovulation, ultrasound evidence of polycystic ovaries, and hyperandrogenism
what is a possible cause of PCOS
obesity
what are the S/S of PMS
breast swelling, bloating, acne, food cravings, fatigue
what is a possible cause of PMS
fluctuating hormones
what is PMDD
similar to PMS but more severe, lasts longer, and interferes with daily living
what is the treatment for PMDD
SSRIs
what is a possible cause for PMDD
serotonin imbalance
what type of agent is trichomoniasis
protozoa
what are the S/S of trichomoniasis
fishy smell, genital itching and burning
what is the diagnostic for trichomoniasis
motile organisms with flagella
what is the treatment for trichomoniasis
mentronidazole
pt education for patients taking metronidazole
avoid alcohol
what type of agent is chlamydia and gonorrhea
bacteria
what are the S/S of chlamydia and gonorrhea
mostly asymptomatic
vaginal bleeding, yellow discharge, painful urination
what is the diagnosis for chlamydia and gonorrhea
cultures
what is the treatment for chlamydia and gonorrhea
antibiotics (gonorrhea is becoming increasingly resistant)
what are possible complications of chlamydia and gonorrhea if left untreated
PID
pt education for people diagnosed with chlamydia and gonorrhea
partners should also be treated
what are the S/S of HSV
swollen red sores, swollen lymph nodes, fever
what are the diagnostics of HSV
culture and presence of antibodies in serum
what is the treatment for acute outbreaks and suppression of HSV
anti-virals
what is type 1 HSV
oral
what is type 2 HSV
genital
what are the birthing considerations for a pregnant women with an active HSV outbreak
must deliver via c-section
what type of agent is syphillis
spirochete (can burrow)
what are the S/S of primary syphillis
painless chancre
what are the S/S of secondary syphilis
rash on the soles of feet and palms of hands, flat warts, flu-like symptoms
what are the S/S of latent syphillis
asymptomatic but infection is still present
what are the S/S of newborn syphilis
blindness, deafness, neuro issues
what are the diagnostics for syphilis
VDRL or RPR test
what is the treatment for syphilis
penicillin
what are the complications of untreated syphilis
brain damage or death
what are the S/S of HPV
genital warts
what is the treatment for HPV
TCA, surgical removal
what are the complications of untreated HPV
cervical and throat cancer
is their a vaccine available for HPV
yes
what are the S/S of HIV soon after exposure
flu-like symptoms
what are the S/S of HIV
can be asymptomatic for up to 10 years until opportunistic infections start to appear
what is the treatment for HIV
anti-retroviral therapy
birthing considerations for a patient with HIV
should deliver via c-section
pt education for those at high risk for HIV
PrEP and safe sex practices
what are the S/S of hepatitis
liver damage, jaundice, dark urine, flu-like symptoms
how are hepatitis B and C transmitted
blood borne
what are the diagnostics for hepatitis
serum antibody testing
what is the treatment for hepatitis
no treatment, symptoms usually resolve on their own
what are the possible complications of hepatitis
liver failure, death
what type of hepatitis is their a vaccine for
B
how is zika transmitted
semen or aedes mosquito
what are the possible complications of zika
microcephaly in infants, guillain-barre syndrome
what are the S/S of PID
vaginal discharge, pain, fever
what are diagnostics used for PID
untreated gonorrhea or chlamydia infection, CRP, sed rate
what is a possible complication of PID
infertility
what are the S/S of bacterial vaginosis
odor, thin, white, fishy smelling discharge
what are the diagnostics for bacterial vaginosis
change in pH, wet mount microscope
what is the treatment for bacterial vaginosis
flagyl (metronidazole)
what are the possible causes of bacterial vaginosis
overgrowth of bacteria
what are possible complications of bacterial vaginosis
premature birth, PID
what agent causes candidiasis (yeast infections)
fungus
what are the S/S of candidiasis (yeast infections)
redness, itching, swelling, dysuria, dyspareunia
thick, white, curdy discharge
what are the diagnostics used for candidiasis (yeast infections)
visualization fo yeast
what is the treatment for candidiasis (yeast infections)
cream or suppository anti-fungals, eat yogurt and other foods containing probiotics
what is the cause of candidiasis (yeast infections)
overgrowth of fungus
what are the S/S of a UTI
frequent, painful urination, blood in urine
what are the diagnostics for UTIs
clean catch UA, dipstick, urine culture
what is the treatment for UTIs
antibiotics
what is the cause of UTIs
bacteria (usually e. coli)
what are potential complications for UTIs
kidneys, sepsis, preterm labor
what are the S/S of toxic shock syndrome
fever, N/V, dizziness, muscle aches, rash
what are the diagnostics for toxic shock syndrome
serum test for staph or strep, cervical swabs
what is the treatment for toxic shock syndrome
antibiotics, fluids, debridement, dialysis if kidneys become affected
what is the cause of toxic shock syndrome
toxin from staph or strep
what are the potential complications of toxic shock syndrome
shock, renal failure, death
what are the S/S of fibrocystic breast changes
pain comes and goes with period, swelling, thick/lumpy breast, round and moveable lump that is tender, becomes larger before period and shrinks after
are fibrocystic breast changes cyclical
yes, hormone related
what are the S/S of a fibroadenoma
single lumps that are smooth, well defines, easily moveable under the skin, firm, rubbery, and painless
what is the diagnostic for a fibroadenoma
biopsy
what is the treatment for fibroadenomas
remove if too bothersome
are fibroadenomas cyclical
no
what is primary infertility
unprotected sex for a year without contraception and no previous pregnancies
what is secondary infertility
unprotected sex for a year without contraception with a previous successful pregnancy
what factors lead to infertility in women
age, infection, ovulatory issues, hormone imbalances, pelvic disease or blocked tubes, can be unexplained
at what age does a women have a greater risk fo an unsuccessful pregnancy
35
what factors are related to male infertility
environmental (temp, chemo, alcohol), infections (prostatitis, mumps), endocrine/autoimmune issues, trauma or surgery
what does hystero- mean
uterus
what does salpingo- mean
fallopian tubes
what does -graphy or -gram mean
visulaization
what does -scopy mean
removal or treatment
what meds can be given to induce ovulation
clomid, metformin
what is intrauterine insemination (IUI)
semen/sperm are introduced into the uterus during ovulation
what is in-vitro fertilization
fertilization occurs outside of the uterus in a lab
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