female reproductive diseases/disorders (copy)

what is oligomenorrhea

too few periods

what is polymenorrhea

too many periods

what is amenorrhea

no periods

what is post-menopausal bleeding a sign of

cancer

what are the signs and symptoms of endometriosis

endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus causing painful mensuration that worsens over time, pain during sex, and constipation

what diagnostic procedure is used to confirm endometriosis

laproscopy

what is the treatment for endometriosis

birth control to skip period, surgery to remove tissue

what is a possible cause of endometriosis

retrograde menstruation where the period back flows into the the fallopian tubes instead of leaving the body

what are possible complications of endometriosis and PCOS

infertility

what are the S/S of PCOS

many fluid filled cysts in the ovaries, hirstruism (excess hair), male pattern hair loss, and acanthosis nigricans (velvety hyper-pigmentation of the skin)

what are the diagnosis criteria for PCOS

(must meet 2/3)

oligomenorrhea/anovulation, ultrasound evidence of polycystic ovaries, and hyperandrogenism

what is a possible cause of PCOS

obesity

what are the S/S of PMS

breast swelling, bloating, acne, food cravings, fatigue

what is a possible cause of PMS

fluctuating hormones

what is PMDD

similar to PMS but more severe, lasts longer, and interferes with daily living

what is the treatment for PMDD

SSRIs

what is a possible cause for PMDD

serotonin imbalance

what type of agent is trichomoniasis

protozoa

what are the S/S of trichomoniasis

fishy smell, genital itching and burning

what is the diagnostic for trichomoniasis

motile organisms with flagella

what is the treatment for trichomoniasis

mentronidazole

pt education for patients taking metronidazole

avoid alcohol

what type of agent is chlamydia and gonorrhea

bacteria

what are the S/S of chlamydia and gonorrhea

mostly asymptomatic

vaginal bleeding, yellow discharge, painful urination

what is the diagnosis for chlamydia and gonorrhea

cultures

what is the treatment for chlamydia and gonorrhea

antibiotics (gonorrhea is becoming increasingly resistant)

what are possible complications of chlamydia and gonorrhea if left untreated

PID

pt education for people diagnosed with chlamydia and gonorrhea

partners should also be treated

what are the S/S of HSV

swollen red sores, swollen lymph nodes, fever

what are the diagnostics of HSV

culture and presence of antibodies in serum

what is the treatment for acute outbreaks and suppression of HSV

anti-virals

what is type 1 HSV

oral

what is type 2 HSV

genital

what are the birthing considerations for a pregnant women with an active HSV outbreak

must deliver via c-section

what type of agent is syphillis

spirochete (can burrow)

what are the S/S of primary syphillis

painless chancre

what are the S/S of secondary syphilis

rash on the soles of feet and palms of hands, flat warts, flu-like symptoms

what are the S/S of latent syphillis

asymptomatic but infection is still present

what are the S/S of newborn syphilis

blindness, deafness, neuro issues

what are the diagnostics for syphilis

VDRL or RPR test

what is the treatment for syphilis

penicillin

what are the complications of untreated syphilis

brain damage or death

what are the S/S of HPV

genital warts

what is the treatment for HPV

TCA, surgical removal

what are the complications of untreated HPV

cervical and throat cancer

is their a vaccine available for HPV

yes

what are the S/S of HIV soon after exposure

flu-like symptoms

what are the S/S of HIV

can be asymptomatic for up to 10 years until opportunistic infections start to appear

what is the treatment for HIV

anti-retroviral therapy

birthing considerations for a patient with HIV

should deliver via c-section

pt education for those at high risk for HIV

PrEP and safe sex practices

what are the S/S of hepatitis

liver damage, jaundice, dark urine, flu-like symptoms

how are hepatitis B and C transmitted

blood borne

what are the diagnostics for hepatitis

serum antibody testing

what is the treatment for hepatitis

no treatment, symptoms usually resolve on their own

what are the possible complications of hepatitis

liver failure, death

what type of hepatitis is their a vaccine for

B

how is zika transmitted

semen or aedes mosquito

what are the possible complications of zika

microcephaly in infants, guillain-barre syndrome

what are the S/S of PID

vaginal discharge, pain, fever

what are diagnostics used for PID

untreated gonorrhea or chlamydia infection, CRP, sed rate

what is a possible complication of PID

infertility

what are the S/S of bacterial vaginosis

odor, thin, white, fishy smelling discharge

what are the diagnostics for bacterial vaginosis

change in pH, wet mount microscope

what is the treatment for bacterial vaginosis

flagyl (metronidazole)

what are the possible causes of bacterial vaginosis

overgrowth of bacteria

what are possible complications of bacterial vaginosis

premature birth, PID

what agent causes candidiasis (yeast infections)

fungus

what are the S/S of candidiasis (yeast infections)

redness, itching, swelling, dysuria, dyspareunia

thick, white, curdy discharge

what are the diagnostics used for candidiasis (yeast infections)

visualization fo yeast

what is the treatment for candidiasis (yeast infections)

cream or suppository anti-fungals, eat yogurt and other foods containing probiotics

what is the cause of candidiasis (yeast infections)

overgrowth of fungus

what are the S/S of a UTI

frequent, painful urination, blood in urine

what are the diagnostics for UTIs

clean catch UA, dipstick, urine culture

what is the treatment for UTIs

antibiotics

what is the cause of UTIs

bacteria (usually e. coli)

what are potential complications for UTIs

kidneys, sepsis, preterm labor

what are the S/S of toxic shock syndrome

fever, N/V, dizziness, muscle aches, rash

what are the diagnostics for toxic shock syndrome

serum test for staph or strep, cervical swabs

what is the treatment for toxic shock syndrome

antibiotics, fluids, debridement, dialysis if kidneys become affected

what is the cause of toxic shock syndrome

toxin from staph or strep

what are the potential complications of toxic shock syndrome

shock, renal failure, death

what are the S/S of fibrocystic breast changes

pain comes and goes with period, swelling, thick/lumpy breast, round and moveable lump that is tender, becomes larger before period and shrinks after

are fibrocystic breast changes cyclical

yes, hormone related

what are the S/S of a fibroadenoma

single lumps that are smooth, well defines, easily moveable under the skin, firm, rubbery, and painless

what is the diagnostic for a fibroadenoma

biopsy

what is the treatment for fibroadenomas

remove if too bothersome

are fibroadenomas cyclical

no

what is primary infertility

unprotected sex for a year without contraception and no previous pregnancies

what is secondary infertility

unprotected sex for a year without contraception with a previous successful pregnancy

what factors lead to infertility in women

age, infection, ovulatory issues, hormone imbalances, pelvic disease or blocked tubes, can be unexplained

at what age does a women have a greater risk fo an unsuccessful pregnancy

35

what factors are related to male infertility

environmental (temp, chemo, alcohol), infections (prostatitis, mumps), endocrine/autoimmune issues, trauma or surgery

what does hystero- mean

uterus

what does salpingo- mean

fallopian tubes

what does -graphy or -gram mean

visulaization

what does -scopy mean

removal or treatment

what meds can be given to induce ovulation

clomid, metformin

what is intrauterine insemination (IUI)

semen/sperm are introduced into the uterus during ovulation

what is in-vitro fertilization

fertilization occurs outside of the uterus in a lab