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Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Osmosis
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Active transport
Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference
Isotonic solution
A solution in which the concentration of solutes is essentially equal to that of the cell which resides in the solution
Hypertonic solution
Solute concentration is greater than that inside the cell; cell loses water
Hypotonic solution
Solute concentration is less than that inside the cell; cell gains water
Active transport requires
Energy and protein channels
Nucleus
A part of the cell containing DNA and controls the cells activities
Mitochondria
An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which respiration and energy production occur.
Ribosomes
Makes proteins
Cytoplasm
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which reactions take place
Cell membrane
A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.
Chloroplast
An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
Vacuole
Cell organelle in plants that stores cell sap
Magnification equation
Image size/actual size
Resolution
Ability of a microscope to distinguish two objects as separate
Prokaryotic cell
Cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryotic cell
Cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
Flaccid
A plant cell that is limp through a reduction of pressure inside the cell
Turgid
A plant cell fully inflated with water
Plasmolysed plant cell
The cell has lost water and the cytoplasm has shrunk; the membrane has pulled away from the cell wall
Crenated cell
An animal that has shrunk
Cell lysis
Swelling and bursting of animal cell
