Introduction to the cardiovascular system

Name the sternebrae palpable:

1. Cranially

2. Caudally

1. Manubrium

2. Xiphoid - has a cartilgioness extension called the xiphoid process

Name the ¹junction between the ²dorsal _/_ and ventral _/_ the ribs

1. Costochondral

2. Dorsal 2/3, ventral 1/3

Ribs ¹_-_ do not join the sternum ventrally, instead they form the ²____

1. 10-12

2. Costal arch

Draw a labelled schematic of the lungs

Right lung:

• Cranial lobe

• Middle lobe

• Caudal lobe

• Accessory lobe

Left lung:

• Cranial lobe (subdivided into cranial and caudal)

• Caudal lobe

List all the species differences in lungs

• Pigs lungs are highly lobulated so appear marbled

• Pigs have less obvious divisions between lobes

• Pigs and cows have tracheal bronchus

• Horses lack middle right lung lobe

Give the name/s for the:

1. Left atrioventricular valve

2. Right atrioventricular valve

1. Bicuspid/mitral valve

2. Tricuspid valve

1= Base

2= Diaphragm

3= Apex

4= Thoracic inlet

Draw a schematic of the layers of the heart

The relaxation phase of the atria is known as atrial ____ this occurs when the ventricles are undergoing ventricular ____

Diastole, Systole

During ventricular systole the atrioventricular valves are ____ and the semilunar valves are ____

Closed, open

Ventricular pressure is ____ during isovolumetric relaxation and ____ during isovolumetric contraction

decreasing, increasing

When does isovolumetric relaxation start?

Before the AV valves open but after the semilunar valves close

What cause the following heart sounds?:

1. S1

2. S2

S1:

• Blood rebounding off the ventricular valves and walls after AV valve close

S2:

• Pulmonary and aortic valve closure causes blood to rebound in great vessels

List the valves audible at rib spaces 3, 4 and 5

Aortic, Mitral, Pulmonary

Where is the SA node located?

Right atrial wall

Where is the AV node located?

Distal interatrial septum

Name the structure the electrical impulse of the heart passes through in order to enter the right ventricular wall

Septomarginal band