French and Indian War + English Colonies Tets

George Washington

young Virginian who led colonial troops against the French in 1754

French and Indian War

a war that pitted the British and their colonial allies against the French and Indians

Pontiac's Rebellion

an Indian uprising against the British in the Ohio River valley after the French and Indian War

Proclamation of 1763

between the British and Indians, it restricted colonial settlers to east of the Appalachian Mountains

Albany Plan of Union

1754 plan that called on the colonies to unite under British rule and cooperate with one another in war

How did Great Britain's wars with France affect the American colonies?

Britain’s battles with France caused the colonies to ally with Britain by fighting the French (who were in North America and their Indian allies).

How did the Indians benefit from the balance of power between the French and the British?

The Indians received generous gifts from both sides as both the British and the French one in the Indians to ally with them.

What led to the French and Indian War?

• The French and British struggled over control of the Ohio River Valley and the Great Lakes area.

• A young George Washington led an early battle against the French in 1754 that led to the French and Indian War.

What were the changes in the war from 1754-1758?

1. From 1754 to 1758, the French were winning against the British.

2. The death of General Edward Braddock was a significant defeat for the British in 1755.

3. Groups of colonial militiamen helped the British fight the French by serving as scouts and soldiers.

What was the Treaty of Paris and was its result?

The Treaty of Paris was a treaty signed in 1763 that ended the war and greatly increased British territory.

How did the British victory affect the Indians?

• The British stopped sending supplies to the Indians.

• British settlers quickly moved into Indian lands in western Pennsylvania and Virginia.

• Indians rebelled and attacked British forts and the new British settlements.

• They tried to weaken the British in any way they could, in order to lure the French back.

• This Indian uprising (Pontiac’s Rebellion) ended in 1764.

What was the Proclamation of 1763?

A decree issued by the British to keep the peace, stating that settlers would remain east of the Appalachian Mountains.

Outline the tensions that arose between the British and the colonists after the war.

The British	The Colonists
Wanted more control over the colonies	Did not want British control
Wanted the colonies to help pay for the wars	Did not want to be unfairly taxed by the British
Encouraged colonies to join together under the Albany Plan of Union	Wanted to maintain their individual autonomy
Opposed expansion west of the Appalachians	Wanted more land for settlements

Who drafted the Albany Plan of Union, and what did it specify? What was the result?

• Author: Benjamin Franklin

• Details: Uniting the colonies under British rule and to fight wars, getting rid of the Indians, and creating a continental assembly with delegates from each colony

• Result: The colonists and the British each rejected the Albany Plan for their own reasons.

How did the French and Indian War change the relationship between the British and the colonists?

• After the French and Indian war, the British placed new, unwanted taxes and regulations on the colonists.

• The colonists increasingly resented the erosion of their autonomy and the involuntary tax burden.

Magna Carta

– 1215 document that limited the king’s ability to tax English nobles and that guaranteed due process and a right to trial

Parliament

English lawmaking body

English Bill of Rights

1689 document guaranteeing a number of freedoms

habeas corpus

idea that no one could be held in prison without being charged with a specific crime

salutary neglect

a policy in which England allowed its colonies self-rule

mercantilism

economic policy under which a nation accumulates wealth by exporting more goods than it imports

Navigation Acts

a series of trade laws enacted by Parliament in the mid-1600s

Enlightenment

European intellectual movement during the 1600s and 1700s

Benjamin Franklin

American colonist inspired by the Enlightenment, he was a printer, author, scientist, and inventor

Great Awakening

a religious movement that occurred in the colonies in the mid-1700s

List and date the three major documents that limited the power of the monarchy.

• Magna Carta (1215) - limitation of taxation and right to a fair trial

• Petition of Rights (1628) - Could not tax or imprison unfairly & parliament 

• English Bill of Rights (1689) - document guaranteeing a number of freedoms

List the Navigation Acts and how it aided mercantilism.

• 1651: Goods imported to England from other countries could only be transported in English ships.

• 1660: American colonies could export sugar, tobacco, cotton, and indigo exclusively to England

• 1663: Foreign goods being shipped to the colonies had to pass through English ports, where a duty was collected

• 1733: Duties were increased on sugar traded between the French Indies and American colonies

How did mercantilism work?

Mercantilism works by having a nation export more goods than it imports. In the case of England, it worked as they exported goods from their colonies to themselves exclusively and/or imported goods using their resources and taxing the importing country, thus making a profit off of imports as well.

What was the purpose of the Navigation Acts?

The purpose of the Navigation acts was to restrict the flow of colonial resources and profit  so that no matter what the colonies exported or imported, the British economy would grow and profit from it.

What was the significance of the Great Awakening on the colonies?

The Great Awakening gave the colonists the realization that if they could choose their own religion and way to worship, they could choose their own government.

How did Enlightenment ideas influence Americans?

Enlightenment ideas influenced Americans to consider natural laws and scientific reasoning, as well as applying their reasoning to their society and government. This led Enlightenment ideas to become a central factor in the development of a democracy in the colonies.

What role did religion play in colonial life?

Religion played a large role in colonial life as many colonists had immigrated to the Americas for religious reasons. This becomes especially true when considering that churches played a social role in colonial life as they served as public places for reading government proclamations, holding elections, and posting new laws.

Explain the Great Awakening.

The Great Awakening was a religious movement launched by preachers in which they traveled through the colonies preaching powerful, emotion-packed sermons.

It caused many people to leave their old churches to join the movement and start new ones.

This movement helped the colonists realize that if they could choose their own religion, they could choose their own government.

Preamble to the Declaration of Independence

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are
created equal, that they are endowed, by their Creator,
with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are
Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.

That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted
among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent
of the governed, That whenever any Form of
Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the
Right of the People to alter or abolish it, and to institute
new Government, laying its foundation on such
principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to
them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and
Happiness.

Which document protected the right of habeas corpus?

English Bill of Rights

How did most settlers view themselves in relations to England?

Settlers in the English colonies saw themselves as equal to the natives living in England, feeling that they were entitled to the same rights.

The Glorious Revolution was a

coup in which King James II was overthrown

Who signed the Magna Carta?

King William and Queen Mary

What role did George Washington play during the early stages of the war?

George Washington led the British in the first battle of the war, the Battle of Jumonville Glen.

First Battle of the French and Indian War?

B. of Jumonville Glen

Last Battle of the French and Indian War?

B. of Quebec

Another name for the French and Indian War?

7-Year War

From what years did the war last?

1756-1763

When was the Albany Plan of Union proposed?

1754

What years were Pontiac’s rebellion?

1763-1766

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• enlightenment philosopher

• believed in social contract

• believed ppl were born good but corrupted by society

John Locke

• enlightenment philosopher

• natural rights and consent of the governed

unalienable rights

rights that cant be taken away

First civilization with a republic?

Rome

Republic

form of government were an elected representative makes decisions

democracy

form of government were decisions are made by the people

Thomas Jefferson

• main author of the dec of independence

Three types of social contracts

Locke: consent of the governed

Hobbes: ppl r born evil; must have strong government to rule them

Rousseau: ppl r born good; society corrupted them

consent of the governed

ppl give gov perms to rule them and have the right to take it away

Where did Britain want to expand?

West

Where did the French want to expand?

South

William Pitt

• British secretary of state

• poured generous funds to boost the military and help them win the war

Indians who supported the French

• Huron

• Winnebago

• Ojibwa

• Potawatomi

• Mississauga

Indians who supported the Brits

• Iroquois League